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Without the need to use milling to reduce phytate (including nutrient), [4] the amount of phytic acid is commonly reduced in animal feeds by adding histidine acid phosphate type of phytases to them. [5] Oxalic acid and oxalates are present in many plants and in significant amounts particularly in rhubarb, tea, spinach, parsley, and purslane.
Phytic acid, mostly as phytate in the form of phytin (i.e. the calcium/magnesium salts of phytate), is found within the hulls and kernels of seeds, [20] including nuts, grains, and pulses. [1] In-home food preparation techniques may break down the phytic acid in all of these foods. Simply cooking the food will reduce the phytic acid to some degree.
Phytic acid and its metabolites have several important roles in seeds and grains, most notably, phytic acid functions as a phosphorus store, as an energy store, as a source of cations and as a source of myo-inositol (a cell wall precursor). Phytic acid is the principal storage forms of phosphorus in plant seeds and the major source of ...
Toxic to cardio and central nervous systems, gastrointestinal bleeding [3] Ephedra: ma huang: Ephedra sinica: Agitation and palpitations, [3] "hypertension, irregular heart rate, insomnia, nervousness, tremors and seizures, paranoid psychosis, heart attacks, strokes, and death", [1] [15] kidney stones [15] Flavonoids (contained in many ...
Some phytochemicals are known phytotoxins that are toxic to humans; [19] [20] for example aristolochic acid is carcinogenic at low doses. [21] Some phytochemicals are antinutrients that interfere with the absorption of nutrients. [22] Others, such as some polyphenols and flavonoids, may be pro-oxidants in high ingested amounts. [23]
Certain forms of micronutrients can be actively toxic in a sufficiently high dose, even if other forms are safe at the same or much higher doses. There are examples of such toxicity in both synthetic and naturally occurring forms of vitamins. Retinol, the active form of Vitamin A, is toxic in a much lower dose than other forms, such as beta ...
An antidote is a substance that can counteract a form of poisoning. [1] The term ultimately derives from the Greek term φάρμακον ἀντίδοτον (pharmakon antidoton) , "(medicine) given as a remedy".
However, if too much is applied, phytotoxic effects can result from urea toxicity directly or ammonia production from hydrolysis of urea. [3] Organic fertilizers, such as compost , also have the potential to be phytotoxic if not sufficiently humified , as intermediate products of this process are harmful to plant growth.