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  2. Warburg hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warburg_hypothesis

    Put in his own words, "the prime cause of cancer is the replacement of the respiration of oxygen in normal body cells by a fermentation of sugar." [7] The body often kills damaged cells by apoptosis, a mechanism of self-destruction that involves mitochondria, but this mechanism fails in cancer cells where the mitochondria are shut down. The ...

  3. Warburg effect (oncology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warburg_effect_(oncology)

    In cancer cells, major changes in gene expression increase glucose uptake to support their rapid growth. Unlike normal cells, which produce lactate only when oxygen is low, cancer cells convert much of the glucose to lactate even in the presence of adequate oxygen. This is known as the “Warburg Effect.”

  4. Polytropic process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polytropic_process

    A polytropic process is a thermodynamic process that obeys the relation: = where p is the pressure , V is volume , n is the polytropic index , and C is a constant. The polytropic process equation describes expansion and compression processes which include heat transfer.

  5. Causes of cancer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of_cancer

    Some substances cause cancer primarily through their physical, rather than chemical, effects on cells. [32] A prominent example of this is prolonged exposure to asbestos, naturally occurring mineral fibers which are a major cause of mesothelioma, which is a cancer of the serous membrane, usually the serous membrane surrounding the lungs. [32]

  6. Carcinogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinogenesis

    The cancer stem cell hypothesis proposes that the different kinds of cells in a heterogeneous tumor arise from a single cell, termed Cancer Stem Cell. Cancer stem cells may arise from transformation of adult stem cells or differentiated cells within a body. These cells persist as a subcomponent of the tumor and retain key stem cell properties.

  7. Adiabatic process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic_process

    An adiabatic process (adiabatic from Ancient Greek ἀδιάβατος (adiábatos) ' impassable ') is a type of thermodynamic process that occurs without transferring heat between the thermodynamic system and its environment. Unlike an isothermal process, an adiabatic process transfers energy to the surroundings only as work and/or mass flow.

  8. Murine leukemia virus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murine_leukemia_virus

    The ecotropic MLVs (from Gr.eco, "Home") are capable of infecting mouse cells in culture. Non-ecotropic MLVs may be xenotropic (from xenos, "foreign", infecting non-mouse species), polytropic or modified polytropic (infecting a range of hosts including mice). Among the latter MLVs are amphotropic viruses (Gr. amphos, "both") that can infect ...

  9. Somatic evolution in cancer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_evolution_in_cancer

    It should be able to cause tumor cells death through competition for nutrients. In the process of the treatment, cancer cells are most likely to evolve some form of resistance to the bacterial treatment. However, being a living organism, bacteria would coevolve with tumor cells, potentially eliminating the possibility of resistance. [116]

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