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Positive airway pressure (PAP) is a mode of respiratory ventilation used in the treatment of sleep apnea.PAP ventilation is also commonly used for those who are critically ill in hospital with respiratory failure, in newborn infants (), and for the prevention and treatment of atelectasis in patients with difficulty taking deep breaths.
A full face mask over the mouth and nose is another approach for people who breathe out of their mouths when they sleep. [13] Often, oral masks and naso-oral masks are used when nasal congestion or obstruction is an issue. [20] There are also devices that combine nasal pressure with mandibular advancement devices (MAD). Example of a full face ...
The successful application of bubble CPAP requires elaborate nursing care. [6] There is a learning curve to the implementation of the bubble CPAP respiratory approach that requires a team effort. [2] Respiratory therapists are important members of the team. The system has to be snugly fitted and stationed on the infant's head.
The management of obstructive sleep apnea was improved with the introduction of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), first described in 1981 by Colin Sullivan and associates in Sydney, Australia. [120] The first models were bulky and noisy, but the design was rapidly improved and by the late 1980s, CPAP was widely adopted.
An open circuit SCBA typically has three main components: a high-pressure gas storage cylinder, (e.g., 2,216 to 5,500 psi (15,280 to 37,920 kPa), about 150 to 374 atmospheres), a pressure regulator, and a respiratory interface, which may be a mouthpiece, half mask or full-face mask, assembled and mounted on a framed carrying harness.
Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is the use of breathing support administered through a face mask, nasal mask, or a helmet. Air, usually with added oxygen, is given through the mask under positive pressure; generally the amount of pressure is alternated depending on whether someone is breathing in or out.
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