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Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, pathogenic, encapsulated coccobacillus bacterium of the genus Bordetella, and the causative agent of pertussis or whooping cough. Its virulence factors include pertussis toxin , adenylate cyclase toxin , filamentous haemagglutinin , pertactin , fimbria , and tracheal cytotoxin .
Whooping cough (/ ˈ h uː p ɪ ŋ / or / ˈ w uː p ɪ ŋ /), also known as pertussis or the 100-day cough, is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable bacterial disease. [1] [10] Initial symptoms are usually similar to those of the common cold with a runny nose, fever, and mild cough, but these are followed by two or three months of severe coughing fits. [1]
Medical Microbiology, 4th edition, [1] states that Regan-Lowe medium [2] (containing charcoal, blood, and antibiotic) has replaced Bordet–Gengou medium as the medium of choice for routine Bordetella pertussis incubation. Bordetella bacteria were difficult to culture; Jules Bordet and Octave Gengou invented the first version to isolate the ...
Bordetella parapertussis is a small Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Bordetella that is adapted to colonise the mammalian respiratory tract. [1] Pertussis caused by B. parapertussis manifests with similar symptoms to B. pertussis -derived disease, but in general tends to be less severe. [ 2 ]
Pertussis was well known throughout Europe by the middle of the 18th century. Jules Bordet and Octave Gengou described in 1900 the finding of a new “ovoid bacillus” in the sputum of a 6-month-old infant with whooping cough. They were also the first to cultivate Bordetella pertussis at the Pasteur Institute in Brussels in 1906. [9]
To collect the sample, the swab is inserted in the nostril and gently moved forward into the nasopharynx, a region of the pharynx that covers the roof of the mouth. [9] The swab is then rotated for a specified period of time to collect secretions, then the swab is removed and placed into a sterile viral transport media , which preserves the ...
Pertussis toxin is produced by virulent Bordetella pertussis and is responsible for the disease of whooping cough, a respiratory disease that can be fatal for infants. The severe, uncontrollable coughing makes it difficult to breathe causing the "whooping" sound that occurs with inhalation. [ 12 ]
Adenylate cyclase toxin from Bordetella pertussis is a 1706 amino acid residue long protein.The protein consists of three domains: from the N-terminus up to roughly residue 400, there is an adenylate-cyclase domain; between residues 500 and 700, there is a hydrophobic domain; and from residue 1000 to the C-terminus, there are calcium binding repeats.