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Initially, the corners of the mouth develop a gray-white thickening and adjacent erythema (redness). [2] Later, the usual appearance is a roughly triangular area of erythema, edema (swelling) and breakdown of skin at either corner of the mouth. [2] [4] The mucosa of the lip may become fissured (cracked), crusted, ulcerated or atrophied.
The most common and simple treatment is the construction of a specially made acrylic prosthesis that covers the biting surfaces of the teeth and protects the cheek, tongue, and labial mucosa (an occlusal splint). This is either employed in the short term as a habit-breaking intention or more permanently (e.g., wearing the prosthesis each night ...
The inflammation may include the perioral skin (the skin around the mouth), the vermilion border, or the labial mucosa. [1] The skin and the vermilion border are more commonly involved, as the mucosa is less affected by inflammatory and allergic reactions. [1] Cheilitis is a general term, and there are many recognized types and different causes.
In a few cases a sore mouth can develop, and if so pain is sometimes made worse by toothpastes, or hot or spicy food. [7] The lesions can extend to involve the palate. [7] Plasma cell cheilitis appears as well defined, infiltrated, dark red plaque with a superficial lacquer-like glazing. [5] Plasma cell cheilitis usually involves the lower lip. [3]
The International Association for the Study of Pain defines burning mouth syndrome as "a distinctive nosological entity characterized by unremitting oral burning or similar pain in the absence of detectable mucosal changes" [1] and "burning pain in the tongue or other oral mucous membranes", [8] and the International Headache Society defines it ...
A diagnosis can be made from clinical signs and symptoms, and treatment consists of minimizing the discomfort of symptoms. [5] It can be differentiated from herpetic gingivostomatitis by the positioning of vesicles - in herpangina, they are typically found on the posterior oropharynx, as compared to gingivostomatitis where they are typically found on the anterior oropharynx and the mouth.
Transient lingual papillitis is generally diagnosed based on patient presentation, meaning where it is located in the mouth and how big the bump is. [8] The visual presentation can also accompany various signs and symptoms such as difficulty eating, having a "strawberry tongue", increased saliva production, and a burning or tingling sensation. [9]
Local trauma is also associated with aphthous stomatitis, and it is known that trauma can decrease the mucosal barrier. Trauma could occur during injections of local anesthetic in the mouth, or otherwise during dental treatments, frictional trauma from a sharp surface in the mouth such as broken tooth, or from tooth brushing. [9]