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Example Boolean circuit. The nodes are AND gates, the nodes are OR gates, and the nodes are NOT gates. In theoretical computer science, circuit complexity is a branch of computational complexity theory in which Boolean functions are classified according to the size or depth of the Boolean circuits that compute them.
However, more complex equivalent circuits are used that approximate the nonlinear behavior of the original circuit as well. These more complex circuits often are called macromodels of the original circuit. An example of a macromodel is the Boyle circuit for the 741 operational amplifier. [2]
An electronic circuit can usually be categorized as an analog circuit, a digital circuit, or a mixed-signal circuit (a combination of analog circuits and digital circuits). The most widely used semiconductor device in electronic circuits is the MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor ).
An example of series RLC circuit and respective phasor diagram for a specific ω.The arrows in the upper diagram are phasors, drawn in a phasor diagram (complex plane without axis shown), which must not be confused with the arrows in the lower diagram, which are the reference polarity for the voltages and the reference direction for the current.
Numerical Methods: Employed for simulating and solving complex circuits that cannot be solved analytically. Used in computer-aided design tools for electronic circuit design. Vector Calculus: Applied in electromagnetic field theory. Important for understanding the behavior of electromagnetic waves and fields in electronic devices.
In NMOS logic, the lower half of the CMOS circuit is used in combination with a load device or pull-up transistor (typically a depletion load or a dynamic load). AOI gates are similarly efficient in transistor–transistor logic (TTL). Examples. CMOS 4000-series logic family: CD4085B = dual 2-2 AOI gate [3] CD4086B = single expandable 2-2-2-2 ...
The mutual goal of IEEE Std 91-1984 and IEC 617-12 was to provide a uniform method of describing the complex logic functions of digital circuits with schematic symbols. These functions were more complex than simple AND and OR gates. They could be medium-scale circuits such as a 4-bit counter to a large-scale circuit such as a microprocessor.
For example, the reversible ... ), and the real exponents is a generalization of the series circuit. For example, and = / are ... complex entries.