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  2. Bioconcentration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioconcentration

    Bioconcentration. In aquatic toxicology, bioconcentration is the accumulation of a water-borne chemical substance in an organism exposed to the water. [ 1][ 2] There are several ways in which to measure and assess bioaccumulation and bioconcentration. These include: octanol-water partition coefficients (K OW ), bioconcentration factors (BCF ...

  3. Kaplan–Meier estimator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaplan–Meier_estimator

    An example of a Kaplan–Meier plot for two conditions associated with patient survival. The Kaplan–Meier estimator, [1] [2] also known as the product limit estimator, is a non-parametric statistic used to estimate the survival function from lifetime data. In medical research, it is often used to measure the fraction of patients living for a ...

  4. Exponential decay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_decay

    Exponential decay is a scalar multiple of the exponential distribution (i.e. the individual lifetime of each object is exponentially distributed), which has a well-known expected value. We can compute it here using integration by parts .

  5. High-temperature operating life - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-temperature_operating...

    High-temperature operating life (HTOL) is a reliability test applied to integrated circuits (ICs) to determine their intrinsic reliability. This test stresses the IC at an elevated temperature, high voltage and dynamic operation for a predefined period of time. The IC is usually monitored under stress and tested at intermediate intervals.

  6. File:The lifetime chart corresponding to the lifetime table.pdf

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_lifetime_chart...

    You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses ...

  7. Survival analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survival_analysis

    Survival analysis is a branch of statistics for analyzing the expected duration of time until one event occurs, such as death in biological organisms and failure in mechanical systems. This topic is called reliability theory, reliability analysis or reliability engineering in engineering, duration analysis or duration modelling in economics ...

  8. Microsoft Excel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Excel

    Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet editor developed by Microsoft for Windows, macOS, Android, iOS and iPadOS. It features calculation or computation capabilities, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). Excel forms part of the Microsoft 365 suite of software.

  9. Variant Call Format - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variant_Call_Format

    The Variant Call Format or VCF is a standard text file format used in bioinformatics for storing gene sequence variations. The format was developed in 2010 for the 1000 Genomes Project and has since been used by other large-scale genotyping and DNA sequencing projects. [ 1][ 2] VCF is a common output format for variant calling programs due to ...