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  2. Significant figures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Significant_figures

    An exact number has an infinite number of significant figures. If the number of apples in a bag is 4 (exact number), then this number is 4.0000... (with infinite trailing zeros to the right of the decimal point). As a result, 4 does not impact the number of significant figures or digits in the result of calculations with it.

  3. Expected value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expected_value

    An illustration of the convergence of sequence averages of rolls of a dice to the expected value of 3.5 as the number of rolls (trials) grows. Let represent the outcome of a roll of a fair six-sided die. More specifically, will be the number of pips showing on the top face of the die after the toss.

  4. Statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics

    Formally, a 95% confidence interval for a value is a range where, if the sampling and analysis were repeated under the same conditions (yielding a different dataset), the interval would include the true (population) value in 95% of all possible cases. This does not imply that the probability that the true value is in the confidence interval is 95%.

  5. Logistic regression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistic_regression

    The corresponding probability of the value labeled "1" can vary between 0 (certainly the value "0") and 1 (certainly the value "1"), hence the labeling; [2] the function that converts log-odds to probability is the logistic function, hence the name.

  6. Binary number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_number

    The base-2 numeral system is a positional notation with a radix of 2.Each digit is referred to as a bit, or binary digit.Because of its straightforward implementation in digital electronic circuitry using logic gates, the binary system is used by almost all modern computers and computer-based devices, as a preferred system of use, over various other human techniques of communication, because ...

  7. Laser beam profiler - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_beam_profiler

    The signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) of a pixel for a beam profile is defined as the mean value of the pixel divided by its root-mean-square (rms) value. The SNR improves as square root of the number of captured frames for shot noise processes – dark current noise, readout noise, and Poissonian detection noise. So, for example, increasing the ...

  8. River Irwell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Irwell

    The River Irwell (/ ˈ ɜːr w ɛ l / UR-wel) is a tributary of the River Mersey in north-west England. It rises at Irwell Springs on Deerplay Moor, approximately 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 miles (2.5 kilometres) north of Bacup and flows southwards for 39 mi (63 km) to meet the Mersey near Irlam Locks.

  9. Gravitational constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_constant

    The measured value of the constant is known with some certainty to four significant digits. In SI units , its value is approximately 6.6743 × 10 −11 N⋅m 2 /kg 2 . ‍ [ 1 ] The modern notation of Newton's law involving G was introduced in the 1890s by C. V. Boys .