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  2. List of heads of state of Germany - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of...

    Germany was ruled by monarchs from the beginning of division of the Frankish Empire in August 843 to the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in August 1806. [1] [2] [3] During most of 19th century, independent German principalities were organized into various confederations, such as the Confederation of the Rhine dominated by Napoleon (1806-1913) and the German Confederation created by the ...

  3. List of German monarchs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_German_monarchs

    The rulers of the eastern area thus called themselves rex Francorum ("king of the Franks"), rex Francorum orientalium ("king of the East Franks"), and later just rex. A reference to the "Germans", indicating the emergence of a German nation of some sort, did not appear until the eleventh century, when the pope referred to his enemy Henry IV as ...

  4. Family tree of German monarchs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_German_monarchs

    King of Germany r. 1152–1190 Holy Roman Emperor r. 1155–1190: Beatrice I 1143–1184 Countess of Burgundy: Conrad 1135–1195 Count Palatine of the Rhine: Judith of Hohenstaufen c. 1133 –1191: Henry Berengar 1136–1150 King of Germany r. 1147–1150: Frederick IV 1145–1167 Duke of Swabia: Irene Angelina c. 1181 –1208: Philip of ...

  5. Timeline of German history - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_German_history

    Conrad I the Younger of Germany, duke of Franconia, was elected king of East Francia by the rulers of the other East Frankish duchies, the so-called stem duchies of Bavaria, Saxony and Alamannia. 915: December: Berengar was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the pope Pope John X. 918: 23 December

  6. List of chancellors of Germany - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chancellors_of_Germany

    The list below gives the chancellors of West Germany; the government of East Germany was headed by the chairman of the Council of Ministers. [8] In 1990, East Germany was dissolved as it merged with West Germany; Germany was reunified. It retained the name of the Federal Republic of Germany. [9] Political parties: CDU (4) SPD (4) Independent (1)

  7. Monarchy of Germany - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy_of_Germany

    The Monarchy of Germany (the German Monarchy) was the system of government in which a hereditary monarch was the sovereign of the German Empire from 1871 to 1918. History [ edit ]

  8. Lists of political office-holders in Germany - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_political_office...

    Main page; Contents; Current events; Random article; About Wikipedia; Contact us; Help; Learn to edit; Community portal; Recent changes; Upload file

  9. Abdication of Wilhelm II - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdication_of_Wilhelm_II

    German General Headquarters, 8 January 1917. Chief of the General Staff Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg and Wilhelm II with General Erich Ludendorff.. Wilhelm first learned that Germany could not win World War I militarily on 10 August 1918, two days after the Allies broke through the German lines at the Battle of Amiens.