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Immortalised cell lines are widely used as a simple model for more complex biological systems – for example, for the analysis of the biochemistry and cell biology of mammalian (including human) cells. [2]
Many methods are used to identify cell lines, including isoenzyme analysis, human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) typing, chromosomal analysis, karyotyping, morphology and STR analysis. [35] One significant cell-line cross contaminant is the immortal HeLa cell line. HeLa contamination was first noted in the early 1960s in non-human culture in the USA.
Most contaminated cell lines are discarded; however, sometimes contaminant cells have acquired novel characteristics (e.g., by mutation or viral transfection, for example the HeLa derivate Det98) and thus constitute a truly novel lineage, so they are not thrown away. If a cell line is thought to be contaminated, it is usually tested for ...
To produce viral vaccines, candidate vaccine viruses are grown in mammalian, avian or insect tissue culture of cells with a finite lifespan. [5] These cells are typically Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells, [6] but others are also used including monkey cell lines pMK and Vero and human cell lines HEK 293, MRC 5, Per.C6, PMK, and WI-38. [7]
The story of how the HeLa cell line came to be was also the subject of a 2010 episode of the podcast Radiolab. [69] HeLa cells were the subject of a 2010 book by Rebecca Skloot, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, investigating the historical context of the cell line and how the Lacks family was involved in its use. [14]
Human embryonic kidney 293 cells, also often referred to as HEK 293, HEK-293, 293 cells, are an immortalised cell line derived from HEK cells isolated from a female fetus in the 1970s. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The HEK 293 cell line has been widely used in research for decades due to its reliable and fast growth and propensity for transfection .
CHO cells adhered to a surface, seen under phase-contrast microscopy. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are a family of immortalized cell lines [1] derived from epithelial cells of the ovary of the Chinese hamster, often used in biological and medical research and commercially in the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins.
The cells will often have a known range of confluencies for optimal growth, for example a mammalian cell line like HeLa generally prefers confluencies between 10% and 100%, and subculture will normally try to keep the cells in this range.
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