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Megaloblastic anaemia; Methaemoglobinaemia; Erythema multiforme; Low blood sugar; Hepatitis (liver swelling); Crystalluria (crystals in the urine); Urinary obstruction causing difficulty passing urine
Trimethoprim may cause sun sensitivity. [1] There is evidence of potential harm during pregnancy in some animals but not humans. [3] It works by blocking folate metabolism via dihydrofolate reductase in some bacteria, preventing creation of bacterial DNA and RNA and leading to bacterial cell death. [1] Trimethoprim was first used in 1962. [4]
The effects of trimethoprim causes a backlog of dihydrofolate (DHF) and this backlog can work against the inhibitory effect the drug has on tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis. This is where the sulfamethoxazole comes in; its role is in depleting the excess DHF by preventing it from being synthesised in the first place. [14]
A nosebleed, also known as epistaxis, is an instance of bleeding from the nose. [1] Blood can flow down into the stomach, and cause nausea and vomiting. [8] In more severe cases, blood may come out of both nostrils. [9] Rarely, bleeding may be so significant that low blood pressure occurs. [1]
Ototoxicity is the property of being toxic to the ear (oto-), specifically the cochlea or auditory nerve and sometimes the vestibular system, for example, as a side effect of a drug. The effects of ototoxicity can be reversible and temporary, or irreversible and permanent. It has been recognized since the 19th century. [1]
Destruction of the normal protective flora of beneficial bacteria can occur in dogs and horses. [21] [22] Dogs may have side effects that include: joint pain, loss of appetite, vomiting, flatulence (intestinal gas), fungal infections and digestive problems. [23] Like humans, dogs can have a similar side effect related to developing a serious ...
Sulfamethoxazole distributes into most body tissues as well as into sputum, vaginal fluid, and middle ear fluid. [8] [11] It also crosses the placenta. About 70% of the drug is bound to plasma proteins. Its Tmax (or time to reach maximum drug concentration in plasma) occurs 1 to 4 hours after oral administration.
Streptococcus salivarius is a species of spherical, gram-positive, facultative anaerobic lactic acid bacteria [1] that is both catalase and oxidase negative. S. salivarius colonizes (usually in chains) the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract of humans just a few hours after birth, making further exposure to the bacteria harmless in most circumstances.
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