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  2. List of fallacies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies

    Logical Fallacies, Literacy Education Online; Informal Fallacies, Texas State University page on informal fallacies; Stephen's Guide to the Logical Fallacies (mirror) Visualization: Rhetological Fallacies, Information is Beautiful; Master List of Logical Fallacies, University of Texas at El Paso; Fallacies, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

  3. Fallacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy

    A formal fallacy, deductive fallacy, logical fallacy or non sequitur (Latin for "it does not follow") is a flaw in the structure of a deductive argument that renders the argument invalid. The flaw can be expressed in the standard system of logic. [ 1 ]

  4. List of cognitive biases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases

    Overconfidence effect, a tendency to have excessive confidence in one's own answers to questions. For example, for certain types of questions, answers that people rate as "99% certain" turn out to be wrong 40% of the time. [5] [43] [44] [45] Planning fallacy, the tendency for people to underestimate the time it will take them to complete a ...

  5. Argument from authority - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_authority

    An argument from authority [a] is a form of argument in which the opinion of an authority figure (or figures) is used as evidence to support an argument. [1]The argument from authority is a logical fallacy, [2] and obtaining knowledge in this way is fallible.

  6. Informal fallacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informal_fallacy

    [20] [3] [1] The categorization here follows proposals commonly found in the academic literature in these or similar terms. [11] [8] It distinguishes between fallacies of ambiguity, which have their root in ambiguous or vague language, fallacies of presumption, which involve false or unjustified premises, and fallacies of relevance, in which ...

  7. Correlation does not imply causation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation_does_not_imply...

    [1] [2] The idea that "correlation implies causation" is an example of a questionable-cause logical fallacy, in which two events occurring together are taken to have established a cause-and-effect relationship. This fallacy is also known by the Latin phrase cum hoc ergo propter hoc ('with this, therefore because of

  8. Vice presidential debate fact check: What Tim Walz, JD ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/vice-presidential-debate-fact-check...

    The two vice presidential nominees, Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz and Ohio Sen. JD Vance, faced off tonight on a debate stage in New York City with just over a month until the Nov. 5 election. The USA ...

  9. Fallacies of definition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacies_of_definition

    Fallacies of definition are the various ways in which definitions can fail to explain terms. The phrase is used to suggest an analogy with an informal fallacy. [1] Definitions may fail to have merit, because they are overly broad, [2] [3] [4] overly narrow, [3] [4] or incomprehensible; [4] or they use obscure or ambiguous language, [2] contain mutually exclusive parts, [3] or (perhaps most ...