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The wheel group is a special user group used on some Unix systems, mostly BSD systems, [citation needed] to control access to the su [4] [5] or sudo command, which allows a user to masquerade as another user (usually the super user). [1] [2] [6] Debian and its derivatives create a group called sudo with purpose similar to that of a wheel group. [7]
sudo (/ s uː d uː / [4]) is a program for Unix-like computer operating systems that enables users to run programs with the security privileges of another user, by default the superuser. [5] It originally stood for "superuser do", [ 6 ] as that was all it did, and this remains its most common usage; [ 7 ] however, the official Sudo project ...
An example of a user applying for additional privileges is provided by the sudo command to run a command as superuser user, or by the Kerberos authentication system. Modern processor architectures have multiple CPU modes that allows the OS to run at different privilege levels .
Sudo command on Ubuntu to temporarily assume root privileges. Most Unix and Unix-like systems have an account or group which enables a user to exact complete control over the system, often known as a root account. If access to this account is gained by an unwanted user, this results in a complete breach of the system.
Rather, the user is asked for their password once at the start. If the user has not used their administrative privileges for a certain period of time (sudo's default is 5 minutes [6]), the user is once again restricted to standard user privileges until they enter their password again. sudo's approach is a trade-off between security and usability.
In some cases, the actual name of the account is not the determining factor; on Unix-like systems, for example, the user with a user identifier (UID) of zero is the superuser [i.e., uid=0], regardless of the name of that account; [1] and in systems which implement a role-based security model, any user with the role of superuser (or its synonyms ...
A known example of privilege bracketing is in Debian/Ubuntu: using the 'sudo' tool to temporarily acquire 'root' privileges to perform an administrative command. [1] A Microsoft Powershell equivalent is "Just In Time, Just Enough Admin". [2]
For example, the ping command may need access to networking privileges that a normal user cannot access; therefore it may be given the setuid flag to ensure that a user who needs to ping another system can do so, even if their account does not have the required privilege for sending packets.