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Communication in organizations with functional organizational structures can be rigid because of the standardized ways of operation and the high degree of formalization. As a whole, a functional organization is best suited as a producer of standardized goods and services at large volume and low cost. Coordination and specialization of tasks are ...
A performance appraisal, also referred to as a performance review, performance evaluation, [1] (career) development discussion, [2] or employee appraisal, sometimes shortened to "PA", [a] is a periodic and systematic process whereby the job performance of an employee is documented and evaluated.
Human resources (HR) is the set of people who make up the workforce of an organization, business sector, industry, or economy. [1] [2] A narrower concept is human capital, the knowledge and skills which the individuals command. [3] Similar terms include manpower, labor, labor-power, or personnel.
Human resource management (HRM) is the strategic and coherent approach to the effective and efficient management of people in a company or organization such that they help their business gain a competitive advantage. It is designed to maximize employee performance in service of an employer's strategic objectives.
Organizational architecture, also known as organizational design, is a field concerned with the creation of roles, processes, and formal reporting relationships in an organization. It refers to architecture metaphorically, as a structure which fleshes out the organizations.
Organizational ethics is having a moment. It’s now accepted for corporate leaders to say they care about ethics as much as profit, even, sometimes, more than profit—though such claims ...
In economics, organizational effectiveness is defined in terms of profitability and the minimisation of problems related to high employee turnover and absenteeism. [4] As the market for competent employees is subject to supply and demand pressures, firms must offer incentives that are not too low to discourage applicants from applying, and not too unnecessarily high as to detract from the firm ...
Weber enumerated a number of principles of bureaucratic organization including: a formal organizational hierarchy, management by rules, organization by functional specialty, selecting people based on their skills and technical qualifications, an "up-focused" (to organization's board or shareholders) or "in-focused" (to the organization itself ...