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Worldscale was established in November 1952 by London Tanker Brokers' Panel on the request of British Petroleum and Shell as an average total cost of shipping oil from one port to another by ship. A large table was created as result. The same scale is used today, although it was merged with the American Tanker Rate Schedule (ATRS) in 1969.
An oil tanker's inert gas system is one of the most important parts of its design. [18] Fuel oil itself is very difficult to ignite, however its hydrocarbon vapors are explosive when mixed with air in certain concentrations. [19] The purpose of the system is to create an atmosphere inside tanks in which the hydrocarbon oil vapors cannot burn. [18]
In 2005, oil tankers made up 36.9% of the world's fleet in terms of deadweight tonnage. [61] The world's total oil tankers deadweight tonnage has increased from 326.1 million DWT in 1970 to 960.0 million DWT in 2005. [61] The combined deadweight tonnage of oil tankers and bulk carriers, represents 72.9% of the world's fleet. [62]
The moment of inertia (technically, second moment of area) of the hull section is calculated by finding the neutral or central axis of the beam and then totaling up the quantity = + for each section of plate or girder making up the hull, with being the moment of inertia of that section of material, being the width (horizontal dimension) of the ...
The International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals (often shortened to ISGOTT) is a standard code of practice for the safe operation of Oil tankers and Oil terminals. [1] Published by Witherbys , it is a joint publication produced by the International Chamber of Shipping (ICS), the Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF), and ...
An ore-bulk-oil carrier, also known as combination carrier or OBO, is a ship designed to be capable of carrying wet or dry cargoes. The idea is to reduce the number of empty ( ballast ) voyages, in which large ships only carry a cargo one way and return empty for another.
Handysize is a naval architecture term for smaller bulk carriers or oil tanker with deadweight of up to 50,000 tonnes, [1] although there is no official definition in terms of exact tonnages. Handysize is also sometimes used to refer to the span of up to 60,000 tons, with the vessels above 35,000 tonnes referred to as Handymax or Supramax.
By the sheer amount of oil carried, modern oil tankers must be considered something of a threat to the environment. An oil tanker can carry 2 million barrels (318,000 m 3) of crude oil, or 84,000,000 US gallons (69,940,000 imp gal; 318,000,000 L).