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The atlanto-occipital joint may be dislocated, especially from violent accidents such as traffic collisions. [1] This may be diagnosed using CT scans or magnetic resonance imaging of the head and neck. [1] Surgery may be used to fix the joint and any associated bone fractures. [1] Neck movement may be reduced long after this injury. [1]
The tectorial membrane of atlanto-axial joint (occipitoaxial ligaments) is a tough membrane/ [1] broad, strong band [2] representing the superior-ward prolongation of the posterior longitudinal ligament (the two being continuous). [3] [1] [2] It attaches inferiorly onto (the posterior aspect of [2]) the body of axis. [3] It broadens superiorly.
The atlanto-occipital joint allows the head to nod up and down on the vertebral column. The dens acts as a pivot that allows the atlas and attached head to rotate on the axis, side to side. The atlas's chief peculiarity is that it has no body, [3] which has fused with the next vertebra. [4]
The posterior atlantooccipital membrane (posterior atlantooccipital ligament) is a broad but thin membrane [1] [2]: 99 extending between the posterior margin of the foramen magnum above, and posterior arch of atlas (first cervical vertebra) below.
The skull itself articulates with the spinal column at the atlanto-occipital joint. Functions of the skull include physical protection for the brain, providing attachments for neck muscles, facial muscles and muscles of mastication, providing fixed eye sockets and outer ears (ear canals and auricles) to enable stereoscopic vision and sound ...
The anterior atlantoaxial ligament is a strong membrane, fixed above the lower border of the anterior arch of the atlas; below, to the front of the body of the axis.. It is strengthened in the middle line by a rounded cord, which connects the tubercle on the anterior arch of the atlas to the body of the axis.
The cruciate ligament of the atlas (cruciform ligament) is a cross-shaped (thus the name) ligament in the neck forming part of the atlanto-axial joint. It consists of the transverse ligament of atlas, a superior longitudinal band, and an inferior longitudinal band. The cruciate ligament of the atlas prevents abnormal movement of the atlanto ...
The median atlanto-axial joint is sometimes considered a triple joint: [3] one between the posterior surface of the anterior arch of atlas and the front of the odontoid process; one between the anterior surface of the ligament and the back of the odontoid process; The lateral atlantoaxial joint involves the lateral mass of atlas and axis. [4]