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Kerala (38,863 km 2; 1.18% of India's land) is situated between the Lakshadweep Sea to the west and the Western Ghats to the east. Kerala's coast runs some 590 km in length, while the state itself varies between 35–120 km in width. Geologically, pre-Cambrian and Pleistocene formations comprise the bulk of Kerala's terrain.
[2] [1] It shares its western and northern borders with states of Kerala and Karnataka respectively, while straddling other districts of Tamil Nadu on the other sides. [ 5 ] The Western Ghats runs south along the western side with the Eastern Ghats cutting through the region. [ 39 ]
[1]: 110 41 of Kerala's west-flowing rivers, [2] and 3 of its east-flowing ones originate in this region. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The 41 west-flowing rivers, each of which having at least a length of 15 km, gradually slopes towards the Arabian Sea coast in the western region and empty either into backwaters or Arabian Sea there. [ 5 ]
The protected areas of Kerala include a wide range of biomes, extending east from the coral reefs, estuaries, salt marshes, mangroves beaches of the Arabian Sea through the tropical moist broadleaf forests of the Malabar Coast moist forests to the North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests and South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests to South Western Ghats montane rain forests on the ...
The average width of the plains vary between 50–100 km (31–62 mi). It traverses the states of Gujarat, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and the union territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, and Puducherry . [3] [4] It is narrower than the Eastern Coastal Plains and both the coastal plains meet at Kaniyakumari. [5]
Kollam is the only district in Southern Kerala where Muslims outnumber Christians. Despite this Kollam has a significant Christian population too (16%) among this the Latin Catholics (38.5%), Malankara Orthodox (36.1) and Marthoma Church (15.8%) form the majority. [16]
Malabar's western coastal belt is relatively flat compared to the eastern region, [19]: 33 and is criss-crossed by a network of interconnected brackish canals, lakes, estuaries, [22] and rivers known as the Kerala Backwaters. [23] The Kuttanad region, also known as The Rice Bowl of Kerala, has the lowest altitude in India.
Mudumalai National Park lies in the northern part of the range where Kerala, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu meet, covering an area of 321 km 2 (124 sq mi). Mukurthi National Park lies in the southwest part of the range, in Kerala, covering an area of 78.5 km 2 (30.3 sq mi), which includes intact shola-grassland mosaic, habitat for the Nilgiri tahr.