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Tetrastigma leucostaphylum, the Indian chestnut vine, [2] is a flowering plant in the family Vitaceae. It is native to Sri Lanka , [ 3 ] India, Nepal and South East Asia. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Rafflesia tuan-mudae is a member of the Rafflesiaceae family. It lives as a parasite within the Tetrastigma vines. The enormous flowers may reach over 1 m in diameter. [1] The buds normally emerge where the vine is growing along the ground, unlike some of the other Rafflesia species whose buds can emerge from vines hanging in the air.
It is an endoparasite of vines in the genus Tetrastigma , spreading its root-like haustoria inside the tissue of the vine. The only part of the plant that can be seen outside the host vine is the five-petaled flower. Some species, such as Rafflesia arnoldii, the flower may be over 100 cm in diameter, and weigh up to 10 kg.
Replica of Rafflesia flower displayed in National Museum of Natural History in Manila.. The plant has no stems, leaves or roots. It is a holoparasite of vines in the genus Tetrastigma (a plant in the Vitaceae, the grape vine family), spreading its absorptive organ, the haustorium, inside the tissue of the vine. [8]
Tetrastigma is a genus of plants in the grape family, Vitaceae. The plants are lianas that climb with tendrils and have palmately compound leaves. Plants are dioecious , with separate male and female plants; female flowers are characterized by their four-lobed stigmas. [ 2 ]
Illustration of Rhizanthes (then known as Brugmansia), a Rafflesiaceae species from Der Bau und die Eigenschaften der Pflanzen (1913).. The Rafflesiaceae are a family of rare parasitic plants comprising 36 species in 3 genera found in the tropical forests of east and southeast Asia, including Rafflesia arnoldii, which has the largest flowers of all plants.
This strange plant is a holoparasite of the roots of the jungle lianas in the genus Tetrastigma, a plant related to the grape vine. [5] In the Sundanese language the host vine Tetrastigma papillosum is known as susuan , thus the name for Rhizanthes zippelii is perut susuan , the 'belly of susuan' . [ 3 ]
Rafflesia is known for its strong odor of decaying flesh, which attracts pollinators such as flies. The plant has no stems, leaves, or roots and relies entirely on a host vine for water and nutrients. Because of its peculiar biology and rarity, Rafflesia is a subject of fascination and scientific study.