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The first formal definition of borderline disorder is widely acknowledged to have been written by Adolph Stern in 1938. [218] [219] He described a group of patients who he felt to be on the borderline between neurosis and psychosis, who very often came from family backgrounds marked by trauma. He argued that such patients would often need more ...
The classification of 68 personality disordered patients on the caseload of an assertive community team using a simple scale showed a 3 to 1 ratio between Type R and Type S personality disorders with Cluster C personality disorders being significantly more likely to be Type S, and paranoid and schizoid (Cluster A) personality disorders ...
Stern worked with patients he classified as part of the “borderline group,” who he felt did not respond well to traditional psychoanalytic therapy (Stern, 1938). [ 6 ] He observed that these patients often had histories of trauma, leading him to advocate for more active and supportive techniques.These patients typically experience acute ...
Bipolar disorder is a long-term mood disorder characterized by major fluctuations in mood — both high and low — that can impact daily functioning and behavior. Bipolar Disorder: 4 Types & What ...
Splitting is a relatively common defense mechanism for people with borderline personality disorder (BPD). [24] One of the DSM IV-TR criteria for this disorder is a description of splitting: "a pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation".
Borderline intellectual functioning, previously called borderline mental retardation (in the ICD-8), [1] is a categorization of intelligence wherein a person has below average cognitive ability (generally an IQ of 70–85), [2] but the deficit is not as severe as intellectual disability (below 70). It is sometimes called below average IQ (BAIQ).
In adolescents, emotional dysregulation is a risk factor for many mental health disorders including depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, substance use disorder, alcohol use disorder, eating disorders, oppositional defiant disorder, and disruptive mood ...
The intense dysphoric states which patients diagnosed with BPD endure on a regular basis distinguishes them from those with other personality disorders: major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and virtually all known DSM-IV Axis I and Axis II conditions. In a 1998 study entitled "The Pain of Being Borderline: Dysphoric States Specific to ...
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