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The motion is simple harmonic motion where θ 0 is the amplitude of the oscillation (that is, the maximum angle between the rod of the pendulum and the vertical). The corresponding approximate period of the motion is then
Other phenomena can be modeled by simple harmonic motion, including the motion of a simple pendulum, although for it to be an accurate model, the net force on the object at the end of the pendulum must be proportional to the displacement (and even so, it is only a good approximation when the angle of the swing is small; see small-angle ...
A simple pendulum exhibits approximately simple harmonic motion under the conditions of no damping and small amplitude. Assuming no damping, the differential equation governing a simple pendulum of length l {\displaystyle l} , where g {\displaystyle g} is the local acceleration of gravity , is d 2 θ d t 2 + g l sin θ = 0. {\displaystyle ...
These equations represent the simple harmonic motion of the pendulum with an added coupling factor of the spring. [1] This behavior is also seen in certain molecules (such as CO 2 and H 2 O), wherein two of the atoms will vibrate around a central one in a similar manner. [1]
The equation of the simple harmonic motion with frequency for the displacement () is given by ¨ + =. If the frequency is constant, the solution is simply given by = (+).But if the frequency is allowed to vary slowly with time = (), or precisely, if the characteristic time scale for the frequency variation is much smaller than the time period of oscillation, i.e., | |, then it can be shown ...
Phase portrait of van der Pol's equation, + + =. Simple pendulum, see picture (right). Simple harmonic oscillator where the phase portrait is made up of ellipses centred at the origin, which is a fixed point. Damped harmonic motion, see animation (right).
A simple pendulum with oscillating pivot point. The situation changes if the pivot point is moving, e.g. undergoing a simple harmonic motion = , where is the amplitude, the angular frequency, and time.
For example, the Hamilton–Jacobi equations can be used to determine the geodesics on a Riemannian manifold, an important variational problem in Riemannian geometry. However as a computational tool, the partial differential equations are notoriously complicated to solve except when is it possible to separate the independent variables; in this ...