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A marine protected area of South Africa is an area of coastline or ocean within the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of the Republic of South Africa that is protected in terms of specific legislation for the benefit of the environment and the people who live in it and use it. [15]
The Rufiji River delta is the largest mangrove ecosystem on the East African coast, and accounts for half of Tanzania's 55,000 ha of mangroves. Other important mangrove forests in Tanzania are in Lindi and Tanga, at the mouths of the Wami, Ruvu, Matandu and Ruvuma rivers, and on the Mafia Archipelago. Kenya has 52,980 ha of mangroves, over two ...
[4] [5] Despite these benefits, economic activities often result in harm to biodiversity, such as through deforestation. [1] The majority of species have yet to be evaluated for their current or future economic importance. [6] Raw materials, pharmaceuticals and drug production all directly and indirectly depend upon biodiversity. [6]
This is a list of freshwater ecoregions in Africa and Madagascar as identified by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). The WWF categorizes the Earth's land surface into ecoregions , which are defined as "large area[s] of land or water containing a distinct assemblage of natural communities and species."
The estimated number of South African animal species as of 2018 is about 67 000, with 20 401 plant species described. This comprises about 7% of the world's vascular plants, 7% of birds, 5% of mammals, 4% of reptiles, 2% of amphibians and 1% of freshwater fishes.
Ecologists are increasingly recognizing the important effects that cross-ecosystem transport of energy and nutrients have on plant and animal populations and communities. [ 68 ] [ 69 ] A well known example of this is how seabirds concentrate marine-derived nutrients on breeding islands in the form of feces (guano) which contains ~15–20% ...
Northern Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa are progressing towards the Millennium Development Goal on water at different paces. [2] While Northern Africa has 92% safe water coverage, Sub-Saharan Africa remains at a low 60% of coverage – leaving 40% of the 783 million people in that region without access to clean drinking water. [2]
From shallow waters to the deep sea, the open ocean to rivers and lakes, numerous terrestrial and marine species depend on the surface ecosystem and the organisms found there. [28] The ocean's surface acts like a skin between the atmosphere above and the water below, and harbours an ecosystem unique to this environment.