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Variant angina differs from stable angina in that it commonly occurs in individuals who are at rest or even asleep, whereas stable angina is generally triggered by exertion or intense exercise. Variant angina is caused by vasospasm, a narrowing of the coronary arteries due to contraction of the heart's smooth muscle tissue in the vessel walls. [3]
Some studies have found an increased risk of other vasospastic disorders in cardiac microvascular angina patients, such as migraine and Raynaud's phenomenon. Treatment typically involves beta-blockers, such as metoprolol, however beta blockers can make coronary spasms worse. [4] Microvascular angina is a separate condition from variant angina.
Coronary vasospasm classically produces chest pain at rest, also known as variant angina (vasospastic angina or Prinzmetal's angina). [5] Chest pain is more common at certain times of the day, usually from late night to early morning. [6] These episodes can be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, cold sweating, and even syncope.
The primary factor differentiating unstable angina from stable angina (other than symptoms) is the underlying pathophysiology of the atherosclerosis. The pathophysiology of unstable angina is the reduction of coronary blood flow due to transient platelet aggregation on apparently normal endothelium , coronary artery spasms, or coronary thrombosis .
A common symptom is angina, which is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. [4] Occasionally it may feel like heartburn. In stable angina, symptoms occur with exercise or emotional stress, last less than a few minutes, and improve with rest. [4]
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Cardiac markers are used for the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with chest pain and suspected acute coronary syndrome and for management and prognosis in patients with diseases like acute heart failure. Most of the early markers identified were enzymes, and as a result, the term "cardiac enzymes" is sometimes used. However, not ...
At this time, it's not possible to know whether infection with BA.2.86 produces different symptoms from other variants, according to the CDC. "The case numbers are just too small," Pekosz says.