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The Smarta tradition (Sanskrit: स्मार्त, IAST: Smārta), also called Smartism, is a movement in Hinduism that developed and expanded with the Puranas genre of literature. [2] It reflects a synthesis of four philosophical strands, namely Uttara Mīmāṃsā , Advaita , Yoga , and theism . [ 3 ]
Shanmata (Sanskrit: षण्मत, romanized: Ṣaṇmata) meaning "Six Sects" in Sanskrit, is a system of worship, believed in the Smarta tradition to have been founded by the Hindu philosopher Adi Shankara, whose lifetime was during circa 8th century CE. [1]
The belief in the supremacy of Vishnu is based upon the many avatars (incarnations) of Vishnu listed in the Puranic texts, which differs from other Hindu deities such as Ganesha, Surya, or Durga. To the devotees of the Sri Vaishnava Sampradaya , "Lord Vishnu is the Supreme Being and the foundation of all existence."
In Hinduism, four things viz. Śruti and Smriti which are society’s codes of ethics, sadacara which is good noble conduct accepted by society; and svasya ca priyam atmanah which is one’s own joy and pleasure, determine Dharma.
Prominent themes in Hindu beliefs include karma (action, intent and consequences), saṃsāra (the cycle of death and rebirth) and the four Puruṣārthas, proper goals or aims of human life, namely: dharma (ethics/duties), artha (prosperity/work), kama (desires/passions) and moksha (liberation/freedom from passions and ultimately saṃsāra).
The distinguishing features of Jain philosophy are its belief in the independent existence of soul and matter, predominance of karma, the denial of a creative and omnipotent God, belief in an eternal and uncreated universe, a strong emphasis on nonviolence, an accent on anekantavada and morality and ethics based on liberation of the soul.
Hindu literature, such as the Bhagavad Gita, state it to be dynamic and changeable with knowledge, introspection and understanding of sva-dharma. Realizing one's sva-dharma and Self is emphasized in Indian ethical theories. The highest state of existence and bliss, in Advaita school of Hinduism for example, is jivanmukti (Self-realization) and ...
Ahimsa as an ethical concept evolved in the Vedic texts. [6] [22] The oldest scriptures indirectly mention Ahimsa. Over time, the Hindu scripts revised ritual practices, and the concept of Ahimsa was increasingly refined and emphasized until Ahimsa became the highest virtue by the late Vedic era (about 1000-600 BCE).