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Popov was released in 1954, after the death of Stalin, and returned to Bulgaria. [163] He wrote his autobiographical account in the book From the Leipzig trial to the Siberia camps (От Лайпцигския процес в Сибирските лагери, Изток-Запад, София, България, 2012 ISBN 978-619-152-025-1).
The largest camps consisted of more than 25,000 prisoners each, medium size camps held from 5,000 to 25,000 inmates, and the smallest, but most numerous labor camps operated with less than 5,000 people each. [1] Even this incomplete list can give a fair idea of the scale of forced labor in the USSR.
Kolyma – Off to the Unknown: Stalin's Notorious Prison Camps in Siberia, Personal Account by Ayyub Baghirov AZER.com at Azerbaijan International, Vol. 14:1 (Spring 2006), pp. 58–71. Work in the Gulag Archived 30 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine from the Stalin's Gulag section of the Online Gulag Museum with a short description and images ...
The camp operated officially until 23 July 1944, when the imminent arrival of Soviet forces led to its abandonment. [58] During its entire operation, Treblinka I's commandant was Sturmbannführer Theodor van Eupen. [53] He ran the camp with several SS men and almost 100 Hiwi guards. The quarry, spread over an area of 17 ha (42 acres), supplied ...
The Vorkuta Corrective Labor Camp (Russian: Воркутинский исправительно-трудовой лагерь, romanized: Vorkutinsky ispravitel'no-trudovoy lager'), commonly known as Vorkutlag (Воркутлаг), was a major Gulag labor camp in the Soviet Union located in Vorkuta, Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic ...
Even in the absence of official positions, working on the side earned them extra gruel, water, white bread, butter, sugar, tea and tobacco. In Chai-Urya, known as the “Valley of Death,” Sgovio was on the verge of starvation when the bread distributor requested pictures of nude girls, providing the brigade with extra bread in exchange. [43]
According to data from Soviet archives, which were published in 1990, 1,803,392 people were sent to labor colonies and camps in 1930 and 1931, and 1,317,022 reached the destination. Deportations on a smaller scale continued after 1931. Data from the Soviet archives indicates 2.4 million kulaks were deported from 1930 to 1934. [52]
The Nazis distinguished between extermination and concentration camps. The terms extermination camp (Vernichtungslager) and death camp (Todeslager) were interchangeable in the Nazi system, each referring to camps whose primary function was genocide. Six camps meet this definition, though extermination of people happened at every sort of ...