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The band structure has been generalised to wavevectors that are complex numbers, resulting in what is called a complex band structure, which is of interest at surfaces and interfaces. Each model describes some types of solids very well, and others poorly. The nearly free electron model works well for metals, but poorly for non-metals.
Rather, band bending refers to the local changes in electronic structure, in the energy offset of a semiconductor's band structure near a junction, due to space charge effects. The primary principle underlying band bending inside a semiconductor is space charge: a local imbalance in charge neutrality.
In graphs of the electronic band structure of solids, the band gap refers to the energy difference (often expressed in electronvolts) between the top of the valence band and the bottom of the conduction band in insulators and semiconductors. It is the energy required to promote an electron from the valence band to the conduction band.
In solid-state physics, the valence band and conduction band are the bands closest to the Fermi level, and thus determine the electrical conductivity of the solid. In nonmetals, the valence band is the highest range of electron energies in which electrons are normally present at absolute zero temperature, while the conduction band is the lowest range of vacant electronic states.
Electronic structure methods (4 C, 37 P) S. ... Pages in category "Electronic band structures" The following 34 pages are in this category, out of 34 total.
Electronic band structure of graphene. Valence and conduction bands meet at the six vertices of the hexagonal Brillouin zone and form linearly dispersing Dirac cones. When atoms are placed onto the graphene hexagonal lattice, the overlap between the p z (π) orbitals and the s or the p x and p y orbitals is zero by symmetry.
In solid-state physics, quantum mechanics, materials science, physical chemistry and other several disciplines, the electronic band structure of materials is primarily studied based on the extent of the band gap, the gap between highest occupied valence bands and lowest unoccupied conduction bands.
The empty lattice approximation is a theoretical electronic band structure model in which the potential is periodic and weak (close to constant). One may also consider an empty [clarification needed] irregular lattice, in which the potential is not even periodic. [1]