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Cocoa is Apple's native object-oriented application programming interface (API) for its desktop operating system macOS.. Cocoa consists of the Foundation Kit, Application Kit, and Core Data frameworks, as included by the Cocoa.h header file, and the libraries and frameworks included by those, such as the C standard library and the Objective-C runtime.
The Cocoa text system (formerly known simply by the primary class name NSText) is the linked network of classes, protocols, interfaces and objects that provide typography and text field editing capabilities and to Cocoa applications on Apple's macOS, where it is the primary text-handling system. [1]
Mac OS X uses Cocoa. Mac OS 9 and Mac OS X used to use Carbon for 32-bit applications. The Windows API used in Microsoft Windows. Microsoft had the graphics functions integrated in the kernel until 2006 [1] The Haiku operating system uses an extended and modernised version of the Be API that was used by its predecessor BeOS. Haiku is expected ...
The Finder, for instance, remained a Carbon application for many years, only being ported to Cocoa with the release of Mac OS X 10.6 in 2009. [ 3 ] The transition to 64-bit Macintosh applications beginning with Mac OS X v10.5 , released October 26, 2007, brought the first major limitations to Carbon.
Most of the applications bundled with macOS—for example, the Finder, TextEdit, Calendar, and Preview—use AppKit to provide their user interface. macOS, iOS, iPadOS, and tvOS also support other UI frameworks, including UIKit, which is derived from AppKit and uses many similar structures, and SwiftUI, a Swift-only declarative UI framework.
Cocoa was a descendant of APIs inherited from OPENSTEP with no ancestry from the classic Mac OS, while Carbon was an adaptation of classic Mac OS APIs, allowing Mac software to be minimally rewritten to run natively on Mac OS X. [19] The Cocoa API was created as the result of a 1993 collaboration between NeXT Computer and Sun Microsystems.
Stickies is a desktop note program first included in System 7.5, later being re-written in Cocoa during the transition to Mac OS X in 2001. It allows a user to put post-it note-like windows on the screen for to write short reminders, notes and other clippings.
Core Data is an object graph and persistence framework provided by Apple in the macOS and iOS operating systems. It was introduced in Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger and iOS with iPhone SDK 3.0. [1] It allows data organized by the relational entity–attribute model to be serialized into XML, binary, or SQLite stores. The data can be manipulated using ...