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  2. Byzantine flags and insignia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_flags_and_insignia

    Byzantine flags and insignia. For most of its history, the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire did not use heraldry in the Western European sense of permanent motifs transmitted through hereditary right. [1] Various large aristocratic families employed certain symbols to identify themselves; [1] the use of the cross, and of icons of Christ, the ...

  3. List of flags containing the color purple - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_flags_containing...

    In the modern era, synthetic purple dyes became easier to obtain, and flags with the color purple began being used more commonly. In 1931, the Second Spanish Republic established a tricolor flag consisting of red, yellow and purple stripes as its national flag , seeing use in Spain until 1939 and by the Spanish Republican government in exile ...

  4. List of Greek flags - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Greek_flags

    Golden cross with four betas on red field. cf. Byzantine flags and insignia: c.a 1350 Flag of the "Empire of Constantinople" in the "Book of All Kingdoms". A quartered flag, I and IV, white with a red cross, II and III, red with a yellow cross couped, with each of its quarters taken by yellow fire steels which are corrupted Greek Betas. c.a 1300

  5. Flag of the Greek Orthodox Church - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Greek_Orthodox...

    The Ecumenical Patriarchate and Mount Athos, and also the Greek Orthodox Churches in the diaspora under the Patriarchate use a black double-headed eagle in a yellow field as their flag or emblem. The eagle is depicted as clutching a sword and an orb with a crown above and between its two heads. [1] An earlier variant of the flag, used in the ...

  6. Byzantium (color) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantium_(color)

    Byzantium. The color Byzantium is a particular dark tone of purple. It originates in modern times, and, despite its name, it should not be confused with Tyrian purple (hue rendering), the color historically used by Roman and Byzantine emperors. The latter, often also referred to as "Tyrian red", is more reddish in hue, and is in fact often ...

  7. Star and crescent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_and_crescent

    The result was the red flag with the white crescent moon and star, which is the precursor to the modern flag of Turkey. A plain red flag was introduced as the civil ensign for all Ottoman subjects. The white crescent with an eight-pointed star on a red field is depicted as the flag of a "Turkish Man of War" in Colton's Delineation of Flags of ...

  8. Byzantine Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire

    Solidus, denarius, and hyperpyron. The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centred in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The eastern half of the Empire survived the conditions that caused the fall of the West in the 5th century AD, and continued to exist ...

  9. Byzantium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantium

    The origins of Byzantium are shrouded in legend. Tradition says that Byzas of Megara (a city-state near Athens) founded the city when he sailed northeast across the Aegean Sea. The date is usually given as 667 BC on the authority of Herodotus, who states the city was founded 17 years after Chalcedon. Eusebius, who wrote almost 800 years later ...