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The Whig Party was a mid-19th century political party in the United States. [14] Alongside the Democratic Party, it was one of two major parties between the late 1830s and the early 1850s and part of the Second Party System. [15]
The history of the United States Whig Party lasted from the establishment of the Whig Party early in President Andrew Jackson's second term (1833–1837) to the collapse of the party during the term of President Franklin Pierce (1853–1857). This article covers the party in national politics. For state politics see Whig Party (United States).
The Whig Party sank to its death after the overwhelming electoral defeat by Franklin Pierce in the 1852 presidential election. Ex-Whigs joined the Know Nothing party or the newly formed, anti-slavery Republican Party. While the Know Nothing party was short-lived, Republicans would survive the intense politics leading up to the Civil War.
The Second Party System was the political party system operating in the United States from about 1828 to early 1854, after the First Party System ended. [1] The system was characterized by rapidly rising levels of voter interest, beginning in 1828, as demonstrated by Election Day turnouts, rallies, partisan newspapers, and high degrees of personal loyalty to parties.
The first and most significant Second Party System realignment was a realignment of the differing factions of the Democratic-Republican Party of the more slave sparse Southern areas and the non-coastal Northern counties, particularly those factions that voted for Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay and William H. Crawford, into the new Jacksonian ...
The election marked the end of the Second Party System, as the Whig Party ceased to function as a national party following this election. Democrats won the presidency and retained control of both houses of Congress. In the presidential election, Democratic former senator Franklin Pierce of New Hampshire defeated Whig General Winfield Scott. [3]
The 1840 United States elections elected the members of the 27th United States Congress, taking place during the Second Party System.In the aftermath of the Panic of 1837, the Whigs become the fourth party in history to win control of the presidency and both houses of Congress; the Whigs would never again accomplish this feat.
The Whigs lost a small number of seats but remained the second largest party, while the Free Soil Party picked up a handful of seats. [6] The House elected Democrat Howell Cobb as Speaker after sixty-three ballots. [7] In the Senate, the Whigs won minor gains, cutting into the Democratic majority. [8]