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Plato's student Aristotle in turn criticized and built upon the doctrines he ascribed to Socrates and Plato, forming the foundation of Aristotelianism. Antisthenes founded the school that would come to be known as Cynicism and accused Plato of distorting Socrates' teachings. Zeno of Citium in turn adapted the ethics of Cynicism to articulate ...
Pupil of Socrates. Aristippus of Cyrene (c. 440 – 366 BC). A Cyrenaic. Advocate of ethical hedonism. Xenophon (c. 427 – 355 BC). Historian. Plato (c. 427 – 347 BC). Famed for view of the transcendental forms. Advocated polity governed by philosophers. Diogenes of Apollonia (c. 425 – c 350 BC). Cosmologist. Speusippus (c. 408 – 339 BC ...
Plato: 428/427 - 348/347 BC Academic: student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle; famous for the Theory of Forms: Plotinus: c. 204 – 270 Neoplatonic: Plutarch: c. 46 – 120 Middle Platonist: Plutarch of Athens: c. 350 – 430 Neoplatonic: Polemarchus: Polemon of Athens: Stoic: Polemon of Athens (scholarch) before 314 - 270/269 BC Academic ...
Aristotle attributes a different doctrine with respect to Forms to Plato and Socrates. [44] Aristotle suggests that Socrates' idea of forms can be discovered through investigation of the natural world, unlike Plato's Forms that exist beyond and outside the ordinary range of human understanding. [45]
There is a widespread assumption that Socrates was an ironist, mostly based on the depiction of Socrates by Plato and Aristotle. [111] Socrates's irony is so subtle and slightly humorous that it often leaves the reader wondering if Socrates is making an intentional pun. [112] Plato's Euthyphro is filled with Socratic irony. The story begins ...
In examining Aristotle's criticism of The Forms, it is helpful to understand Aristotle's own hylomorphic forms, by which he intends to salvage much of Plato's theory. Plato distinguished between real and non-real "existing things", where the latter term is used of substance.
Aristotle considered ethics to be a practical rather than theoretical study, i.e., one aimed at becoming good and doing good rather than knowing for its own sake. He wrote several treatises on ethics, most notably including the Nicomachean Ethics. [139] Aristotle taught that virtue has to do with the proper function (ergon) of a thing. An eye ...
Plato blamed sophistical rhetoric for the arrest and the death of Socrates. In contrast to the emotional rhetoric and poetry of the sophists was a type of rhetoric grounded in philosophy and the pursuit of enlightenment. Aristotle identified rhetoric as one of the three key elements—along with logic and dialectic—of philosophy.
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