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Chemical weapons have since washed up on shorelines and been found by fishers, causing injuries and, in some cases, death. Other disposal methods included land burials and incineration. After World War 1, "chemical shells made up 35 percent of French and German ammunition supplies, 25 percent British and 20 percent American". [96]
The Western Allies did not use chemical weapons during the Second World War. The British planned to use mustard gas and phosgene to help repel a German invasion in 1940–1941, [91] [92] and had there been an invasion may have also deployed it against German cities. [93]
The United States chemical weapons program began in 1917 during World War I with the creation of the U.S. Army's Gas Service Section and ended 73 years later in 1990 with the country's practical adoption of the Chemical Weapons Convention (signed 1993; entered into force, 1997).
Military operations of World War I involving chemical weapons (1 C, 15 P) Pages in category "World War I chemical weapons" The following 20 pages are in this category, out of 20 total.
A chemical weapon (CW) is a specialized munition that uses chemicals formulated to inflict death or harm on humans. According to the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), this can be any chemical compound intended as a weapon "or its precursor that can cause death, injury, temporary incapacitation or sensory irritation through its chemical action.
Chemical warfare (CW) involves using the toxic properties of chemical substances as weapons.This type of warfare is distinct from nuclear warfare, biological warfare and radiological warfare, which together make up CBRN, the military acronym for chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (warfare or weapons), all of which are considered "weapons of mass destruction" (WMDs), a term that ...
Japan conducted research on biological weapons (see Unit 731), [4] and chemical weapons had seen wide battlefield use in World War I. Their use was outlawed by the Geneva Protocol of 1925. [ 5 ] Italy used mustard agent against civilians and soldiers in Ethiopia in 1935–36 .
This public opinion stimulated increased efforts for a ban on chemical weapons. [8] These efforts led to several agreements in the years before World War II, including the Geneva Protocol. [9] World War II was seen as a significant success for chemical arms control as none of the belligerents made significant use of chemical weapons. [10]