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Ventricular fibrillation most commonly occurs within diseased hearts, and, in the vast majority of cases, is a manifestation of underlying ischemic heart disease. Ventricular fibrillation is also seen in those with cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, and other heart pathologies.
(NH 4) 3 VF 6 → 3 NH 3 + 3 HF + VF 3. The thermal decomposition of ammonium salts is a relatively common method for the preparation of inorganic solids. VF 3 can also be prepared by treatment of V 2 O 3 with HF. [citation needed] VF 3 is a crystalline solid with 6 coordinate vanadium atoms with bridging fluorine atoms. The magnetic moment ...
Refractory bricks in a torpedo car used for hauling molten iron. In materials science, a refractory (or refractory material) is a material that is resistant to decomposition by heat or chemical attack and that retains its strength and rigidity at high temperatures. [1]
Right after the ventricles contract, the cells enter into a refractory period, where they can’t be stimulated to contract again, and during the upslope of the T wave, some cells are starting to come out of refractory, so those cells might be ready to go again, whereas other cells might still be in a refractory phase.
Timing the shock to the R wave prevents the delivery of the shock during the vulnerable period (or relative refractory period) of the cardiac cycle, which could induce ventricular fibrillation. If the patient is conscious, various drugs are often used to help sedate the patient and make the procedure more tolerable.
The refractory period of cardiac muscle is distinct from that of skeletal muscle. Nerves that innervate skeletal muscle have an extremely short refractory period after being subjected to an action potential (of the order of 1 ms). This can lead to sustained or tetanic contraction. In the heart, contractions must be spaced to maintain a rhythm.
Amiodarone is indicated for the treatment of refractory VT or VF, particularly in the setting of acute ischemia.Amiodarone is also safe to use in individuals with cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation, to maintain normal sinus rhythm.
The drug was used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties throughout the 1980s-1990s for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation refractory to other first line treatments such as defibrillation or lidocaine.