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Mudskippers are any of the 23 extant species of amphibious fish from the subfamily Oxudercinae of the goby family Oxudercidae. [2] They are known for their unusual body shapes, preferences for semiaquatic habitats, limited terrestrial locomotion and jumping, and the ability to survive prolonged periods of time both in and out of water.
The common mudskipper (Periophthalmus kalolo) is a species of mudskipper native to marine and brackish waters of the Indo-Pacific from eastern Africa to Samoa. This species can be found in mangrove forests where it spends most of its time out of the water. This species can reach a length of 14.1 centimetres (5.6 in) SL. [1]
The giant mudskipper is highly territorial and aggressive, which they express by mouth gaping, raising their fins, pigment darkening, and chasing. [1] Aside from fighting with their mouths, the giant mudskipper rarely interacts with others of its species and is a solitary animal. [24] A giant mudskipper swimming with its eyes above water.
Mudskippers are found in mangrove swamps in Africa and the Indo-Pacific; they frequently come onto land, and can survive in air for up to 3-1/2 days. [5] Mudskippers breathe through their skin and through the lining of the mouth (the mucosa) and throat (the pharynx). This requires the mudskipper to be wet, limiting them to humid habitats.
Boleophthalmus pectinirostris, commonly known as the great blue spotted mudskipper, is a species of mudskipper native to the north-western Pacific Ocean. It can be found on the coastlines of Japan , eastern China , Sumatra , Malaysia , Taiwan and the Korean Peninsula .
The Atlantic mudskipper is a member of the genus Periophthalmus, which includes oxudercine gobies that have one row of canine-like teeth. The Atlantic mudskipper can grow up to 25 cm (9.8 in) in body length. Similar to other members of the genus, it has dorsally positioned eyes and pectoral fins that aid in locomotion on land and in water.
Periophthalmus gracilis, a species of mudskipper, perched on land. Mudskippers are one type of walking fish. A walking fish, or ambulatory fish, is a fish that is able to travel over land for extended periods of time. Some other modes of non-standard fish locomotion include "walking" along the sea floor, for example, in handfish or frogfish.
Insects have spiracles on their exoskeletons to allow air to enter the trachea. [1] [page needed] In insects, the tracheal tubes primarily deliver oxygen directly into the insects' tissues. The spiracles can be opened and closed in an efficient manner to reduce water loss. This is done by contracting closer muscles surrounding the spiracle.