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Hydrochloric acid is a strong inorganic acid that is used in many industrial processes such as refining metal. The application often determines the required product quality. [25] Hydrogen chloride, not hydrochloric acid, is used more widely in industrial organic chemistry, e.g. for vinyl chloride and dichloroethane. [8]
In chemistry, a hydrochloride is an acid salt resulting, or regarded as resulting, from the reaction of hydrochloric acid with an organic base (e.g. an amine). An alternative name is chlorhydrate, which comes from French. An archaic alternative name is muriate, derived from hydrochloric acid's ancient name: muriatic acid.
Small amounts of hydrogen chloride for laboratory use can be generated in an HCl generator by dehydrating hydrochloric acid with either sulfuric acid or anhydrous calcium chloride. Alternatively, HCl can be generated by the reaction of sulfuric acid with sodium chloride: [17] NaCl + H 2 SO 4 → NaHSO 4 + HCl↑. This reaction occurs at room ...
Acidic drain cleaners usually contain sulfuric acid at high concentrations. [1] It can dissolve cellulose, proteins like hair, and fats via acid hydrolysis. While there are many methods for unclogging drains, one of the most effective solutions is using hydrochloric acid (HCl), a powerful chemical cleaner. [2]
Phosgene reacts with water to form carbon dioxide and HCl, [77] and the carbonate salt neutralizes the resulting acid. [ 78 ] Suspected samples can be tested for phosgene using filter paper which when treated with 5% diphenylamine , 5% dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in ethanol , and then dried, turns yellow in the presence of phosgene vapour. [ 79 ]
It can also be produced by the addition of hydrochloric acid to a hot, concentrated solution of mercury(I) compounds such as the nitrate: [2] Hg 2 (NO 3) 2 + 4 HCl → 2 HgCl 2 + 2 H 2 O + 2 NO 2. Heating a mixture of solid mercury(II) sulfate and sodium chloride also affords volatile HgCl 2, which can be separated by sublimation. [2]
Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant (APCP) is a solid rocket propellant.It differs from many traditional solid rocket propellants such as black powder or zinc-sulfur, not only in chemical composition and overall performance but also by being cast into shape, as opposed to powder pressing as with black powder.
Hydrochloric acid is a common mineral acid typically used for concrete. Vinegar can also be used to clean hard surfaces and remove calcium deposits. Sulphuric acid is used in acidic drain cleaners to unblock clogged pipes by dissolving organic materials, like greases, proteins, and even carbohydrate-containing substances such as toilet tissue.