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These toxic chemicals are avoided today in consideration of the fact that there are alternative water based, non-toxic heavy liquids like sodium polytungstate solutions. [1] With this relatively new heavy liquid densities up to 3.1 g·cm −3 can be adjusted . Adding parts of pulverulent tungsten carbide increases the density to 4.6 g·cm −3. [2]
The density of osmium is slightly greater than that of iridium; the two are so similar (22.587 versus 22.562 g/cm 3 at 20 °C) that each was at one time considered to be the densest element. Only in the 1990s were measurements made accurately enough (by means of X-ray crystallography ) to be certain that osmium is the denser of the two.
— "Values ranging from 21.3 to 21.5 gm/cm 3 at 20 °C have been reported for the density of annealed platinum; the best value being about 21.45 gm/cm 3 at 20 °C." 21.46 g/cm 3 — Rose, T. Kirke. The Precious Metals, Comprising Gold, Silver and Platinum .
Note A at Iridium says "At room temperature and standard atmospheric pressure, iridium has been calculated to have a density of 22.65 g/cm3 (0.818 lb/cu in), 0.04 g/cm3 (0.0014 lb/cu in) higher than osmium measured the same way.
where g is the local acceleration due to gravity, V is the volume of the sample and of water (the same for both), ρ sample is the density of the sample, ρ H 2 O is the density of water, W V represents a weight obtained in vacuum, is the mass of the sample and is the mass of an equal volume of water. The density of water and of the sample ...
Unfortunately I suspect the degree of accuracy required to split these two elements means that the values will be controversial. In fact, depending on the method used to determine density, iridium may be 22.56-22.65 g/cm^3 while iridium may be 22.59-22.61 g/cm^3. I think the best we can do is keep this list up to date with the main articles.
Osmium(II) iodide is a black solid [35] produced by the reaction of osmium tetroxide and hydroiodic acid at 250 °C in nitrogen: [34] OsO 4 + HI → OsI 2 + H 2 O. This compound decomposes in contact with water. [35] Osmium(III) iodide is a black solid that is produced by heating hexaiodoosmic acid (H 2 OsI 6). [34] This compound is insoluble ...
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