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Plaque commemorating the popes buried in St. Peter's Basilica (their names in Latin and the year of their burial). This chronological list of popes of the Catholic Church corresponds to that given in the Annuario Pontificio under the heading "I Sommi Pontefici Romani" (The Roman Supreme Pontiffs), excluding those that are explicitly indicated as antipopes.
Plaque commemorating popes buried in St Peter's Basilica. This is a graphical list of the popes of the Catholic Church. While the term pope (Latin: Papa, 'Father') is used in several churches to denote their high spiritual leaders, in English usage, this title generally refers to the supreme head of the Catholic Church and of the Holy See.
The great jubilee was to begin at Christmas 1949 and to conclude at Christmas 1950. A complete indulgence was granted to those faithful who visited the four major basilicas – Saint Peter , St. Paul outside the Walls , Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore and Saint John Lateran – and undertake a series of prayers there.
Announcement of 1950 as a Holy Year: 1950 (November 1) Munificentissimus Deus ("The most bountiful God") Defines the dogma of the Assumption of Mary. [176] 1961 (December 25) Humanae salutis ("Of human salvation") John XXIII: Summons Second Vatican Council. 1998 (November 29) Incarnationis mysterium ("The mystery of the Incarnation") John Paul II
In 1950, Pope Pius XII defined the Assumption of Mary as dogma, the only time a pope has spoken ex cathedra since papal infallibility was explicitly declared. The Primacy of St. Peter , the controversial doctrinal basis of the pope's authority, continues to divide the eastern and western churches and to separate Protestants from Rome.
Byzantine image depicting Jesus as Christ pantocrator. 4 BC: Nativity of Jesus.According to the Gospel of Luke, his birth occurred in the town of Bethlehem during the reigns of King Herod the Great of Judaea and the Roman Emperor Augustus, and he was the son of the Virgin Mary, who conceived him by the power of the Holy Spirit.
In the aftermath of World War II, religious existence came under fire from communist governments in Eastern Europe and China. [1] Although some priests have since been exposed as collaborators, [2] [3] both the Church's official resistance and the leadership of Pope John Paul II are credited with helping to bring about the downfall of communist governments across Europe in 1991.
Catherine of Siena (1347-1380), a Doctor of the Church, claimed that Jesus told her that there are four main torments of hell that the other torments of hell proceed from: the loss of the beatific vision, the worm of a guilty conscience, the vision and company of Satan, and the pain of the eternal flames. She also claimed that Jesus told her ...