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Kleeblattschaedel is a rare malformation of the head where there is a protrusion of the skull and broadening of the face. [2] This condition is a severe type of craniosynostosis. [3] The condition can be both isolated or associated with other craniofacial dysostosises. [4] 85% of children with this condition have other anomalies. [5]
Trigonocephaly is a congenital condition due to premature fusion of the metopic suture (from Ancient Greek metopon 'forehead'), leading to a triangular forehead. The premature merging of the two frontal bones leads to transverse growth restriction and parallel growth expansion.
This affects the shape of the head and face, resulting in a cone-shaped head and an asymmetrical face. Individuals with SCS also have droopy eyelids ( ptosis ), widely spaced eyes ( hypertelorism ), and minor abnormalities of the hands and feet ( syndactyly ). [ 2 ]
The head circumference and the growth curve of the head provide important clues into making a differentiation between craniosynostosis, primary microcephaly and hydrocephalus. [17] This differentiation has an important influence on the further treatment of the child.
Bobble-head doll syndrome is a rare neurological movement disorder in which patients, usually children around age 3, begin to bob their head and shoulders forward and back, or sometimes side-to-side, involuntarily, in a manner reminiscent of a bobblehead doll.
Turricephaly is a type of cephalic disorder where the head appears tall with a small length and width. [3] [4] It is due to premature closure of the coronal suture plus any other suture, like the lambdoid, [5] or it may be used to describe the premature fusion of all sutures. [2] It should be differentiated from Crouzon syndrome.
The defining characteristic of BPT is a tilting of an infant's head in recurrent episodes, for varying periods of time. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Furthermore, the child's trunk may bend in the same direction as the head, giving the baby an overall curved shape; this complaint is known as tortipelvis.
There are a variety of symptoms that can occur in children. Infants with microcephaly are born with either a normal or reduced head size. [10] Subsequently, the head fails to grow, while the face continues to develop at a normal rate, producing a child with a small head and a receding forehead, and a loose, often wrinkled scalp. [11]