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In common law jurisdictions, a bill of particulars is a detailed, formal, written statement of charges or claims by a plaintiff or the prosecutor given upon the defendant's formal request to the court for more detailed information. A bill of particulars may be used in either criminal defense or in civil litigation.
A statement of case is any of a number of formal documents used in the courts of England and Wales under the Civil Procedure Rules (or CPR). The Claim Form (which may also include summary or all the particulars of claim , Defence and Response are all statements of case.
A motion for more definite statement in many jurisdictions in the United States, and under United States federal law, is a means of obtaining a more detailed motion from the opposing party in a civil case before interposing a responsive pleading. In federal jurisprudence, the motion is permitted by Rule 12(e) of The Federal Rules of Civil ...
An additional claim is treated as a normal claim unless Part 20 otherwise provides, so the rules on contents of claim forms, Particulars of Claim, Defences and Replies apply accordingly, [14] although the title of the statement of case should be modified to make clear who is pleading, and which statement of case, if any, is being responded to.
Particulars are often seen as concrete, spatiotemporal entities as opposed to abstract entities, such as properties or numbers. There are, however, theories of abstract particulars or tropes . For example, Socrates is a particular (there's only one Socrates-the-teacher-of-Plato and one cannot make copies of him, e.g., by cloning him, without ...
For example, some forms of nominalism state that only concrete particulars exist while some forms of bundle theory state that only properties exist. [97] Polycategorical theories, by contrast, hold that there is more than one basic category, meaning that entities are divided into two or more fundamental classes.
For example, the "writ of summons" and the "statement of claim" were replaced, respectively, with "claim form" and "particulars of claim". The CPR implemented a new system of radically different legal terminology in order to bring plain English to the legal system of England and Wales. [ 22 ]
A research statement is a summary of research achievements and a proposal for upcoming research. It often includes both current aims and findings, and future goals. Research statements are usually requested as part of a relevant job application process, and often assist in the identification of appropriate applicants.