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Indigo is a natural dye extracted from the leaves of some plants of the Indigofera genus, in particular Indigofera tinctoria. Dye-bearing Indigofera plants were commonly grown and used throughout the world, particularly in Asia, with the production of indigo dyestuff economically important due to the historical rarity of other blue dyestuffs.
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The indigo dyeing process is centred in the Naju area, where regular flooding of the Yeongsan River provides an ideal wetland environment for the indigo plant. [2] The plants are harvested in July, before they flower, and the leaves are stored in earthenware jars of water for several days to extract the pigment.
Dye is obtained from the processing of the plant's leaves. They are soaked in water and fermented in order to convert the glycoside indican naturally present in the plant to the blue dye indigotin. The precipitate from the fermented leaf solution is mixed with a strong base such as lye.
Small flowers grow in the leaf axils from long peduncles or spikes, their petals come in hues of red or purple, but there are a few greenish-white and yellow-flowered species. [ 4 ] : 341 Indigofera flowers have open carpels , their organ primordial [ clarification needed ] is often formed at deeper layers than other eudicots . [ 5 ]
Indigofera heterantha is a deciduous shrub growing to 2–3 m (7–10 ft) tall and broad, with pinnate leaves, each leaf carrying up to 21 grey-green oval leaflets, and racemes of purple pea-like flowers in summer. [1] [2] The Latin specific epithet heterantha means "with various or diverse flowers". [3]
Indigo is slightly soluble in hot water. To dye with indigo place the indigo powder in the bottom of a large pot of water. Add the item to be dyed and barely simmer until the desired shade is produced. Stirring the item helps keep the dying even. Please note that, in use on fabric, indigo wicks moisture. It helps make cloth cooler.
Indigofera suffruticosa, commonly known as Guatemalan indigo, small-leaved indigo (Sierra Leone), West Indian indigo, wild indigo, and anil, [2] is a flowering plant in the pea family, Fabaceae. Anil is native to the subtropical and tropical Americas , including the Southern United States , the Caribbean , Mexico , Central America , and South ...
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