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In modern wood construction, sills usually come in sizes of 2×4, 2×6, 2×8, and 2×10. In stick framing, the sill is made of treated lumber, and is anchored to the foundation wall, often with J-bolts, to keep the building from coming off the foundation during a severe storm or earthquake. Building codes require that the bottom of the sill ...
trimmer or jack − stud to the left or right of a window or door that runs from the bottom plate to the underside of a lintel or header; cripple stud – a stud located either above or below a framed opening, that does not run the full height of the wall; post or column − a doubled or other integral multiple of a group of studs nailed side ...
As previously noted, less wood is needed to produce a given finished size than when standards called for the green lumber to be the full nominal dimension. However, even the dimensions for finished lumber of a given nominal size have changed over time. In 1910, a typical finished 1-inch (25 mm) board was 13 ⁄ 16 in (21 mm). In 1928, that was ...
The top and bottom plates are end-nailed to each stud with two nails at least 3 + 1 ⁄ 4 in (83 mm) in length (16d or 16-penny nails). Studs are at least doubled (creating posts) at openings, the jack stud being cut to receive the lintels (headers) that are placed and end-nailed through the outer studs.
The beams are continuously formed, so the length of the beam is limited only to the maximum length that can be handled and transported. Typical widths are 3 + 1 ⁄ 2, 5 + 1 ⁄ 4 or 7 inches (89, 133 or 178 mm); typical depths are 9 + 1 ⁄ 2, 11 + 7 ⁄ 8, 14, 16 and 18 inches (240, 300, 360, 410 and 460 mm). Typically the beams are made to a ...
Shiplap is either rough-sawn 25 mm (1 in) or milled 19 mm (3 ⁄ 4 in) pine or similarly inexpensive wood between 76 and 254 mm (3 and 10 in) wide with a 9.5–12.7 mm (3 ⁄ 8 – 1 ⁄ 2 in) rabbet on opposite sides of each edge. [1] The rabbet allows the boards to overlap in this area.
Timber-framed structures differ from conventional wood-framed buildings in several ways. Timber framing uses fewer, larger wooden members, commonly timbers in the range of 15 to 30 cm (6 to 12 in), while common wood framing uses many more timbers with dimensions usually in the 5- to 25-cm (2- to 10-in) range.
The wood is categorized as a board if its width is less than 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 in (64 mm), and its thickness is less than 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 in (38 mm). A plank used in a building as a horizontal supporting member that runs between foundations, walls, or beams to support a ceiling or floor is called a joist.
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