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Equisetum arvense, the field horsetail or common horsetail, is an herbaceous perennial plant in the Equisetidae (horsetails) sub-class, native throughout the arctic and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It has separate sterile non-reproductive and fertile spore-bearing stems growing from a perennial underground rhizomatous stem system.
Equisetum hyemale (rough horsetail [2]) is an evergreen perennial herbaceous pteridophyte in the horsetail family Equisetaceae native to Eurasia and Greenland. It was formerly widely treated in a broader sense including a subspecies (subsp. affine ) in North America, but this is now treated as a separate species, Equisetum praealtum .
Because fungal and human cells are similar at a biochemical level it is often the case that chemical compounds intended for plant defence have an inhibitory effect on human cells, including human cancer cells. [4] Those plant chemicals that are selectively more toxic to cancer cells than normal cells have been discovered in screening programs ...
Equisetum (/ ˌ ɛ k w ɪ ˈ s iː t əm /; horsetail) is the only living genus in Equisetaceae, a family of vascular plants that reproduce by spores rather than seeds. [2]Equisetum is a "living fossil", the only living genus of the entire subclass Equisetidae, which for over 100 million years was much more diverse and dominated the understorey of late Paleozoic forests.
The sterile stems, produced in late spring and dying down in late autumn, are 30–150 cm (12–59 in) (rarely to 240 cm (94 in)) tall (the tallest species of horsetail outside of tropical regions) and 1 cm (0.39 in) diameter, heavily branched, with whorls of 14–40 branches, these up to 20 cm (7.9 in) long, 1–2 mm (3 ⁄ 64 – 5 ⁄ 64 in ...
The plant has been used for centuries in the South Pacific to make a ceremonial drink with sedative and anesthetic properties, with potential for causing liver injury. [117] Piscidia erythrina / Piscidia piscipula: Jamaica dogwood: The plant is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of insomnia and anxiety, despite serious safety ...
The green stems grow 50–150 cm tall and 2–8 mm thick. The leaf sheaths are narrow, with 15-20 black-tipped teeth. [2] Many, but not all, stems also have whorls of short ascending and spreading branches 1–5 cm long, with the longest branches on the lower middle of the stem.
The plant is well identifiable from the 3-6 reddish brown leaf sheaths or "teeth". [ 1 ] [ 3 ] The fertile stems are shorter than the others; on these develop the cones that bear the spore casings or strobili. [ 1 ]