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Vietnamese uses 22 letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet.The four remaining letters are not considered part of the Vietnamese alphabet although they are used to write loanwords, languages of other ethnic groups in the country based on Vietnamese phonetics to differentiate the meanings or even Vietnamese dialects, for example: dz or z for southerner pronunciation of v in standard Vietnamese.
Vietnamese calligraphy (Vietnamese alphabet: Thư pháp Việt Nam, chữ Hán: 書法越南) relates to the calligraphic traditions of Vietnam. It includes calligraphic works using a variety of scripts, including historical chữ Hán ( Chinese characters ), chữ Nôm (Vietnamese-derived characters), and the Latin-based Vietnamese alphabet .
Chữ khoa đẩu is a term claimed by the Vietnamese pseudohistorian Đỗ Văn Xuyền to be an ancient, pre-Sinitic script for the Vietnamese language.Đỗ Văn Xuyền's works supposedly shows the script have been in use during the Hồng Bàng period, and it is believed to have disappeared later during the Chinese domination of Vietnam.
Again, cái must follow the other pre-noun modifiers, so phrases where cái precedes a numeral or article (such as *cái hai chó đen này or *cái các con mèo này) are ungrammatical. The focus marker cái is distinct from the classifier cái that classifies inanimate nouns (although it is historically related to the classifier cái ). [ 3 ]
Vietnamese Braille is the braille alphabet used for the Vietnamese language. It is very close to French Braille (and thus to a lesser degree to English Braille), but with the addition of tone letters. Vietnamese Braille is known in Vietnamese as chữ nổi, literally "raised letters", while electronic braille displays are called màn hình ...
Chữ Nôm (𡨸喃, IPA: [t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ nom˧˧]) [5] is a logographic writing system formerly used to write the Vietnamese language.It uses Chinese characters to represent Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary and some native Vietnamese words, with other words represented by new characters created using a variety of methods, including phono-semantic compounds. [6]
Vietnamese also has 14 vowel nuclei, and 6 tones that are integral to the interpretation of the language. Older interpretations of Vietnamese tones differentiated between "sharp" and "heavy" entering and departing tones. This article is a technical description of the sound system of the Vietnamese language, including phonetics and phonology.
The main Vietnamese term used for Chinese characters is chữ Hán (𡨸漢).It is made of chữ meaning 'character' and Hán 'Han (referring to the Han dynasty)'.Other synonyms of chữ Hán includes chữ Nho (𡨸儒 [t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ ɲɔ˧˧], literally 'Confucian characters') and Hán tự [a] (漢字 [haːn˧˦ tɨ˧˨ʔ] ⓘ) which was borrowed directly from Chinese.