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The position of equilibrium varies from base to base when a weak base reacts with water. The further to the left it is, the weaker the base. [5] When there is a hydrogen ion gradient between two sides of the biological membrane, the concentration of some weak bases are focused on only one side of the membrane. [6]
He introduced the idea of using potentiometric titrations for acids and bases that could not be titrated in conjunction with a colorimetric indicator [1] Potentiometric titrations were first used for redox titrations by Crotogino. He titrated halide ions with potassium permanganate using a shiny platinum electrode and a calomel electrode. He ...
Titration curves corresponding to weak bases and strong acids are similarly behaved, with the solution being acidic at the equivalence point and indicators such as methyl orange and bromothymol blue being most appropriate. Titrations between a weak acid and a weak base have titration curves which are very irregular.
Acidimetry is the specialized analytical use of acid-base titration to determine the concentration of a basic (alkaline) substance using standard acid. This can be used for weak bases and strong bases. [8] An example of an acidimetric titration involving a strong base is as follows: Ba(OH) 2 + 2 H + → Ba 2+ + 2 H 2 O
The analytical (total) concentration of a reactant R at the i th titration point is given by = + [] + where R 0 is the initial amount of R in the titration vessel, v 0 is the initial volume, [R] is the concentration of R in the burette and v i is the volume added. The burette concentration of a reactant not present in the burette is taken to be ...
For a strong acid-strong base titration monitored by pH, we have at any i'th point in the titration = [+] [] where K w is the water autoprotolysis constant.. If titrating an acid of initial volume and concentration [+] with base of concentration [], then at any i'th point in the titration with titrant volume ,
In a titration of a weak acid with a strong base the pH rises more steeply as the end-point is approached. At the end-point, the slope of the curve of pH with respect to amount of titrant is a maximum. Since the end-point occurs at pH greater than 7, the most suitable indicator to use is one, like phenolphthalein, that changes color at high pH. [2]
A complexometric indicator is an ionochromic dye that undergoes a definite color change in presence of specific metal ions. [1] It forms a weak complex with the ions present in the solution, which has a significantly different color from the form existing outside the complex. Complexometric indicators are also known as pM indicators. [2]