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As military forces around the world are constantly changing in size, no definitive list can ever be compiled. All of the 172 countries listed here, especially those with the highest number of total soldiers such as the two Koreas and Vietnam , include a large number of paramilitaries, civilians and policemen in their reserve personnel.
The Japanese victory in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905 marks the emergence of Japan as a major military power. Japan demonstrated that it could apply Western technology, discipline, strategy, and tactics effectively. The war concluded with the Treaty of Portsmouth. The complete victory of the Japanese military surprised world observers.
The following lists are of countries by military spending as a share of GDP—more specifically, a list of the 15 countries with the highest share in recent years. The first list uses the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute as a source, while the second list gets its data from the International Institute for Strategic Studies .
Rank Country Global Militarization Index (GMI) Military Expenditure Index Score People Index Score Heavy Weapons Index Score 1 Ukraine 335: 5.11: 1.29: 1.75
An 1868 photograph of Japanese Tokugawa Bakufu troops being trained by the French Military Mission to Japan. When Western powers began to use their superior military strength to press Japan for trade relations in the 1850s, the country's decentralized and antiquated military forces were unable to provide an effective defense against their advances.
As of 2011, Japan has the world's eighth-largest military budget. [90] [91] The published military budget of Japan for 2015 was 4.98 trillion yen (approximately US$42 billion, and roughly 1% of Japanese GDP), a rise of 2.8 percent on the previous year. [92]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 13 February 2025. List of great powers from the early modern period to the post-Cold War era Great powers are often recognized in an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council. A great power is a nation, state or empire that, through its economic, political and military strength ...
World War II German Army ranks and insignia; Military ranks of the Luftwaffe (1935–45) Corps colours of the Luftwaffe (1935–45) Uniforms and insignia of the Kriegsmarine; Japan - army ranks of the Japanese Empire during World War II; Japan - naval ranks of the Japanese Empire during World War II; United States Army enlisted rank insignia of ...