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Amblyopia, also called lazy eye, is a disorder of sight in which the brain fails to fully process input from one eye and over time favors the other eye. [1] It results in decreased vision in an eye that typically appears normal in other aspects. [1] Amblyopia is the most common cause of decreased vision in a single eye among children and ...
A complete physical examination is done to identify if a child has any associated systemic symptoms which may aid in a diagnosis of childhood cataracts. [4] In addition, a complete eye examination is done. [2] [4] This eye exam includes fixation, pupillary reflex test, and test for visual acuity. [4]
Screening for vision problems in children may improve future vision and educational achievement. [13] Screening adults without symptoms is of uncertain benefit. [14] Diagnosis is by an eye exam. [2] The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80% of visual impairment is either preventable or curable with treatment. [1]
Childhood blindness is an important contribution to the national prevalence of the disability of blindness. [3] Blindness in children can be defined as a visual acuity of <3/60 in the eye with better vision of a child under 16 years of age. [4]
Coloboma in the right eye of a 10-month-old child. There are two categories in which the signs of congenital blindness can be classified. The first category pertains to consistently poor vision, such as not displaying preferential looking when presented with high-contrast visual stimuli. [6]
This form of myopia is attributed to the use of the eyes for close work during the school years. [65] A 2004–2015 Singapore–Sydney study of children of Chinese descent found that time spent on outdoor activities was a factor. [95] Adult onset myopia; Early adult onset myopia occurs between ages 20 and 40. [71]
Visual acuity can range from no light perception to near-normal vision. Children diagnosed with ONH generally present with vision problems which include nystagmus (involuntary movement of the eyes), which tends to develop at 1 to 3 months and/or strabismus (inability to align both eyes simultaneously), manifested during the first year of life.
It is common in poorer countries, especially among children and women of reproductive age, but is rarely seen in more developed countries. [1] Vitamin A plays a major role in phototransduction, so this deficiency impairs vision, often presenting with nyctalopia (night blindness). [1]