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In earlier days, birch bark was occasionally used as a flashing material. [7] Most flashing materials today are metal, plastic, rubber, or impregnated paper. [8]Metal flashing materials include lead, aluminium, copper, [1] stainless steel, zinc alloy, other architectural metals or a metal with a coating such as galvanized steel, lead-coated copper, anodized aluminium, terne-coated copper ...
Older structures may use asbestos, copper, iron, lead or clay pipes, in rough order of era of use. Under many older building codes, a vent stack (a pipe leading to the main roof vent) is required to be within approx. a 5-foot (1.5 m) radius of the draining fixture it serves (sink, toilet, shower stall, etc.). [2]
Lead guttering: slate and pitched valley gutter flow into parapet gutter, with downpipe and overflow Eaves gutter and downpipe Decorative lead hopper head dated 1662, Durham Castle A rain gutter , eavestrough, eaves-shoot or surface water collection channel is a component of a water discharge system for a building. [ 1 ]
[3] [4] Roman roofs used lead in conduits and drain pipes [5] and some were also covered with lead; lead was also used for piping and for making baths. [6] The Latin for lead is plumbum. In medieval times, anyone who worked with lead was referred to as a plumber; this can be seen from an extract about workmen fixing a roof in Westminster Palace ...
The majority of guidance available for design of heat and smoke building vents installed in buildings is restricted to nonsprinklered, single-story buildings. [4] This is partly a historical consequence of the installation of heat and smoke vents following the August 1953 General Motors, Livonia, MI major fire in a nonsprinklered manufacturing facility which effectively stopped the production ...
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Due to its toxicity, most cities moved away from lead water-supply piping by the 1920s in the United States, [36] although lead pipes were approved by national plumbing codes into the 1980s, [37] and lead was used in plumbing solder for drinking water until it was banned in 1986. [36] Drain and vent lines are made of plastic, steel, cast iron ...
A metal roof is a roofing system featuring metal pieces or tiles exhibiting corrosion resistance, impermeability to water, and long life. It is a component of the building envelope . The metal pieces may be a covering on a structural, non-waterproof roof, or they could be self-supporting sheets.