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  2. Military junta - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_junta

    v. t. e. A military junta ( / ˈhʊntə, ˈdʒʌntə / ⓘ) is a government led by a committee of military leaders. The term junta means "meeting" or "committee" and originated in the national and local junta organized by the Spanish resistance to Napoleon's invasion of Spain in 1808. [ 1] The term is now used to refer to an authoritarian form ...

  3. Land-use planning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land-use_planning

    Government and legal support: the government can support land use planning initiatives in a myriad of ways. The first is by financing or subsidizing a section of land use planning activities. The second way is by reducing bureaucracy and administration bottlenecks that comes with obtaining permits and licences. [9]

  4. Merit system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merit_system

    The merit system determines the fitness of the candidate by the ability to pass a written competitive examination, given by a commission of examiners. The answers submitted by candidates must be unsigned, so as to obviate the possibility of favoritism on the part of the examiners. A list is made of the successful candidates, arranged in the ...

  5. AP Chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP_Chemistry

    AP Chemistry is a course geared toward students with interests in chemical biologies, as well as any of the biological sciences. The course aims to prepare students to take the AP Chemistry exam toward the end of the academic year. AP Chemistry covers most introductory general chemistry topics (excluding organic chemistry ), including: Reactions.

  6. Representative democracy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representative_democracy

    Basic forms of government. Representative democracy (also called electoral democracy or indirect democracy) is a type of democracy where representatives are elected by the public. [ 1] Nearly all modern Western-style democracies function as some type of representative democracy: for example, the United Kingdom (a unitary parliamentary ...

  7. Oligarchy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligarchy

    Oligarchy (from Ancient Greek ὀλιγαρχία (oligarkhía) 'rule by few'; from ὀλίγος (olígos) 'few' and ἄρχω (árkhō) 'to rule, command') [ 1][ 2][ 3] is a conceptual form of power structure in which power rests with a small number of people. These people may or may not be distinguished by one or several characteristics ...

  8. Semi-presidential republic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-presidential_republic

    e. A semi-presidential republic, or dual executive republic, is a republic in which a president exists alongside a prime minister and a cabinet, with the latter two being responsible to the legislature of the state. It differs from a parliamentary republic in that it has an executive president independent of the legislature; and from the ...

  9. Continuing resolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuing_resolution

    v. t. e. In the United States, a continuing resolution (often abbreviated to CR) is a type of appropriations legislation. An appropriations bill is a bill that appropriates (gives to, sets aside for) money to specific federal government departments, agencies, and programs. The money provides funding for operations, personnel, equipment, and ...