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An introduction to eddy current testing from the NDE/NDT resource center Archived 2006-05-07 at the Wayback Machine; Intro to Eddy Current Testing by Joseph M. Buckley (pdf, 429 kB) Eddy Current Testing at Level 2, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 2011 (pdf 5.6 MB).
In electromagnetism, an eddy current (also called Foucault's current) is a loop of electric current induced within conductors by a changing magnetic field in the conductor according to Faraday's law of induction or by the relative motion of a conductor in a magnetic field. Eddy currents flow in closed loops within conductors, in planes ...
Although RFT works in nonferromagnetic materials such as copper and brass, its sister technology eddy-current testing is preferred. The basic RFT probe consists of an exciter coil (also known as a transmit or send coil) which sends a signal to the detector (or receive coil). The exciter coil is pumped with an AC current and emits a magnetic field.
The six most frequently used NDT methods are eddy-current, magnetic-particle, liquid penetrant, radiographic, ultrasonic, and visual testing. [3] NDT is commonly used in forensic engineering , mechanical engineering , petroleum engineering , electrical engineering , civil engineering , systems engineering , aeronautical engineering , medicine ...
Alternating current field measurement (ACFM) is an electromagnetic technique for non-destructive testing detection and sizing of surface breaking discontinuities. It was derived from the methods used in eddy-current testing and works on all metals, ferrous or non-ferrous. Since it doesn't require direct electrical contact with the surface it ...
Magnetic particle inspection (MT or MPI) is a form of MFL where small magnetic particles in the form of a powder or liquid are sprayed on the magnetized steel test object and gather at surface-breaking cracks. Alternating current field measurement (ACFM) is similar to eddy current applied to steel. Its most common application is to detect and ...
Eddy-current testing (ECT) is commonly used on non-[ferromagnetic] metals and alloys such as copper, brass, and copper nickel.Variations on ECT are partial saturation ECT and magnetic biased ECT, both of which use magnets to allow ECT to operate in lightly ferromagnetic materials or in thin-wall ferromagnetic tubes.
Modern-day inspection cars now use multiple NDT methods. Induction and ultrasound methods can be used in rail inspection cars and operate at testing speeds of more than 30 mph (48 km/h). Increased Camera systems for detection of broken joint bars or missing bolts. Eddy Current systems for the detection of near-surface defects.