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  2. Memory corruption - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_corruption

    Using non-owned memory: It is common to use pointers to access and modify memory. If such a pointer is a null pointer, dangling pointer (pointing to memory that has already been freed), or to a memory location outside of current stack or heap bounds, it is referring to memory that is not then possessed by the program. Using such pointers is a ...

  3. Memory safety - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_safety

    BoundWarden is a new spatial memory enforcement approach that utilizes a combination of compile-time transformation and runtime concurrent monitoring techniques. [23] Fuzz testing is well-suited for finding memory safety bugs and is often used in combination with dynamic checkers such as AddressSanitizer.

  4. Null object pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_object_pattern

    In object-oriented computer programming, a null object is an object with no referenced value or with defined neutral (null) behavior.The null object design pattern, which describes the uses of such objects and their behavior (or lack thereof), was first published as "Void Value" [1] and later in the Pattern Languages of Program Design book series as "Null Object".

  5. Language Integrated Query - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_Integrated_Query

    It does not select the element, but returns true if at least one element is matched. An invocation of any without a predicate returns true if the collection non-empty. The All operator returns true if all elements match the predicate. Contains The Contains operator checks, if the collection contains a given element. Count

  6. Segmentation fault - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segmentation_fault

    Dereferencing any of these variables could cause a segmentation fault: dereferencing the null pointer generally will cause a segfault, while reading from the wild pointer may instead result in random data but no segfault, and reading from the dangling pointer may result in valid data for a while, and then random data as it is overwritten.

  7. Garbage collection (computer science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garbage_collection...

    When it becomes half full, a garbage collection is performed which moves the live objects into the other half and the remaining objects are implicitly deallocated. The running program (the 'mutator') has to check that any object it references is in the correct half, and if not move it across, while a background task is finding all of the objects.

  8. Memory leak - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_leak

    The "sawtooth" pattern of memory utilization: the sudden drop in used memory is a candidate symptom for a memory leak. If the memory leak is in the kernel, the operating system itself will likely fail. Computers without sophisticated memory management, such as embedded systems, may also completely fail from a persistent memory leak.

  9. Reference counting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_counting

    Reference counting is also among the simplest forms of memory management to implement. It also allows for effective management of non-memory resources such as operating system objects, which are often much scarcer than memory (tracing garbage collection systems use finalizers for this, [citation needed] but the delayed reclamation may cause ...