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  2. List of English words of Russian origin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of...

    Dedovshchina (Russian: дедовщи́на) (from Russian ded, "grandfather", Russian army slang equivalent of "gramps", meaning soldiers in their third or fourth half-year of conscription, + suffix -shchina – order, rule, or regime; hence "rule of the grandfathers") A system of hazing in the Soviet and Russian armies.

  3. Meillet's principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meillet's_principle

    In comparative linguistics, Meillet's principle (/ m eɪ. ˈ j eɪ z / may-YAYZ), also known as the three-witness principle or three-language principle, states that apparent cognates must be attested in at least three different, non-contiguous daughter languages in order to be used in linguistic reconstruction.

  4. Eurasiatic languages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasiatic_languages

    The set of possible cognate pairings was then analyzed as a whole for predictable regularities. [13] Words were separated into groupings based on how many language families appeared to be cognate for the word. Among the 188 words, cognate groups ranged from 1 (no cognates) to 7 (all languages cognate) with a mean of 2.3 ± 1.1.

  5. Ethnic groups in Russia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Russia

    Russia, as the largest country in the world, has great ethnic diversity, is a multinational state, and is home to over 190 ethnic groups nationwide.According to the population census at the end of 2021, more than 147.1 million people lived in Russia, which is 4.3 million more than in the 2010 census, or 3.03%.

  6. Indo-European vocabulary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_vocabulary

    A Middle Irish cognate is given when the Old Irish form is unknown, and Gaulish, Cornish and/or Breton (modern) cognates may occasionally be given in place of or in addition to Welsh. For the Baltic languages, Lithuanian (modern) and Old Prussian cognates are given when possible. (Both Lithuanian and Old Prussian are included because Lithuanian ...

  7. List of English–Spanish interlingual homographs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English–Spanish...

    The words below are categorised based on their relationship: cognates, false cognates, false friends, and modern loanwords. Cognates are words that have a common etymological origin. False cognates are words in different languages that seem to be cognates because they look similar and may even have similar meanings, but which do not share a ...

  8. Proto-Slavic borrowings - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Slavic_borrowings

    There follows a list of words which are generally held to be Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic: [1] [12] PSl. * asilu , donkey (OCS osьlъ ) < Goth. asil - (< Lat. asellus ); PSl. * bergu , hill (OCS brěgъ ) < Germanic * bergaz (cf. German Berg ); Many scientists have rejected this theory of Germanic origin of the word and rather consider ...

  9. History of the Russian language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Russian...

    Russian preserves palatalized consonants better than all other East and West Slavic languages, making it important for the reconstruction of yers. The Russian development of CerC, CorC, CĭrC, CŭrC and similar sequences is straightforward and in most cases easily reversible to yield the Proto-Slavic equivalent.