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The enzyme chorismate synthase (EC 4.2.3.5) catalyzes the chemical reaction 5- O -(1-carboxyvinyl)-3-phosphoshikimate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } chorismate + phosphate This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases , specifically those carbon-oxygen lyases acting on phosphates.
Gel zymography is often used for the detection and analysis of enzymes produced by microorganisms. [7] This has led to variations on the standard protocol e.g. mixed-substrate zymography. [2] Reverse zymography copolymerizes both the substrate and the enzyme with the acrylamide, and is useful for the demonstration of enzyme inhibitor activity ...
Extracellular enzyme production supplements the direct uptake of nutrients by microorganisms and is linked to nutrient availability and environmental conditions. The varied chemical structure of organic matter requires a suite of extracellular enzymes to access the carbon and nutrients embedded in detritus .
In prokaryotes, they are found both as intracellular and extracellular enzymes that are largely involved in nutrient acquisition. One of the important occurrences of glycoside hydrolases in bacteria is the enzyme beta-galactosidase (LacZ), which is involved in regulation of expression of the lac operon in E. coli.
The manipulation of organisms in order to yield a specific product has many applications to the real world like the production of some antibiotics, vitamins, enzymes, amino acids, solvents, alcohol and daily products. Microorganisms play a big role in the industry, with multiple ways to be used.
Single-cell proteins (SCP) or microbial proteins [1] refer to edible unicellular microorganisms.The biomass or protein extract from pure or mixed cultures of algae, yeasts, fungi or bacteria may be used as an ingredient or a substitute for protein-rich foods, and is suitable for human consumption or as animal feeds.
PCT advantages include: (a) extraction and recovery of more membrane proteins, (b) enhanced protein digestion, (c) differential lysis in a mixed sample base, (d) pathogen inactivation, (e) increased DNA detection, and (f) exquisite sample preparation process control.
Keratinase production has been reported in various microorganisms including fungi and bacteria, and occurs at near-alkaline pH and thermophilic temperatures. These enzymes have a broad substrate specificity , degrading fibrous proteins such as fibrin, elastin and collagen, and non-fibrous proteins such as casein, bovine serum albumin and gelatin.